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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы современной педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current Pediatrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-5527</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1682-5535</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vsp.v15i5.1622</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vsp-1672</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ФАРМАКОЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ ПРОТИВОМИКРОБНЫХ СРЕДСТВ В НЕОНАТОЛОГИИ: РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS IN NEONATOLOGY: RESULTS OF THE RETROSPECTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колбин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolbin</surname><given-names>Alexey S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колбин Алексей Сергеевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой клинической фармакологии и доказательной медицины Первого СПГМУ имени ак. И.П. Павлова, профессор кафедры фармакологии медицинского факультета СПГУ.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex.kolbin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Cидоренко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorenko</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобзин</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobzin</surname><given-names>Yuri V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Dmitry O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабалов</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabalov</surname><given-names>Nikolay P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>Anton V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimko</surname><given-names>Nikolay N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгов</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgov</surname><given-names>Gennadiy V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмидт</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmidt</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галанкин</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galankin</surname><given-names>Timofey L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курылёв</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurylev</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маликова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malikova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинcкий университет имени академика И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University;  Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт детских инфекций</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Children's Infections</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова; Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kirov Military Medical Academy; Saint-Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинcкий университет имени академика И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>481</fpage><lpage>488</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колбин А.С., Cидоренко С.В., Лобзин Ю.В., Иванов Д.О., Шабалов Н.П., Михайлов А.В., Климко Н.Н., Долгов Г.В., Шмидт А.А., Галанкин Т.Л., Курылёв А.А., Маликова Е.А., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колбин А.С., Cидоренко С.В., Лобзин Ю.В., Иванов Д.О., Шабалов Н.П., Михайлов А.В., Климко Н.Н., Долгов Г.В., Шмидт А.А., Галанкин Т.Л., Курылёв А.А., Маликова Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolbin A.S., Sidorenko S.V., Lobzin Y.V., Ivanov D.O., Shabalov N.P., Mikhailov A.V., Klimko N.N., Dolgov G.V., Shmidt A.A., Galankin T.L., Kurylev A.A., Malikova E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1672">https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1672</self-uri><abstract><p>Инфекционные заболевания остаются значимой причиной заболеваемости и смертности во всем мире. На фоне постоянно растущей резистентности бактерий необходима разработка эффективных мероприятий, направленных на оптимизацию структуры потребления антимикробных препаратов, для чего требуются фармакоэпидемиологические данные по назначению таких средств новорожденным детям и уровню развития патогенной устойчивости к используемым препаратам.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценить антибактериальную нагрузку у доношенных и недоношенных новорожденных детей за время их пребывания в родильных домах и/или отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии (ОРИТ).</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Проведено ретроспективное исследование. В анализ включены данные 419 историй болезней новорожденных детей из пяти медицинских центров. Исследование проведено в рамках многоцелевой программы по сдерживанию антибиотикорезистентности, проводимой в Санкт-Петербурге с 2014 г.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Противомикробная нагрузка на организм ребенка, выраженная в днях противомикробной терапии, составила 1838 на 1000 пациенто-дней у детей, находившихся в ОРИТ не более 16 сут, и 1434 на 1000 пациенто-дней — у младенцев, находившихся в ОРИТ более 16 сут. Средняя продолжительность противомикробной терапии — 28 сут в ОРИТ и 5 сут вне ОРИТ (отделения новорожденных, физиологические отделения). Наиболее часто детям назначали ампициллин (384 назначения, 91,6%), гентамицин (254, 60,6%) и флуконазол (150, 35,8%). Распространенность назначений по показаниям (off-label) составила 41% (от 1557 проанализированных назначений), назначений по незарегистрированным показаниям (unlicensed) — 10%. Врожденные инфекции были основной причиной назначения противомикробных лекарств (225/349, 64,5%) детям.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявлена высокая антибактериальная нагрузка у новорожденных детей. Показатель «Дни противомикробной терапии» в отделениях ОРИТ превышает аналогичный показатель в США в 4 раза.  Распространенность off-label и unlicensed назначений была сравнима с зарубежными данными.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Infectious diseases remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Against the background of ever-increasing resistance of bacteria, it is necessary to develop effective measures aimed at the structure optimization of consumption of antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the pharmacoepidemiological data describing either the consumption of antimicrobial agents or the resistance level to them is required. </p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: Our aim was to assess the antimicrobial load in term and preterm newborns during their stay in the maternity wards and/or in the intensive care units (ICU). </p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study has been carried out. The analysis included data of 419 newborns from 5 medical centers. The study has been carried out as part of a multi-purpose program on antibiotic resistance containment being held in St. Petersburg from 2014. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The antimicrobial load on the child's body expressed in days of the antimicrobial therapy was 1,838 per 1,000 patient-days in children staying in the ICU for not more than 16 days, and 1,434 per 1,000 patient-days when staying in the ICU for more than 16 days. The average duration of the antimicrobial therapy is 28 days in the ICU and 5 days out the ICU (department for newborns, physiological departments). The most commonly, the children were treated with ampicillin — 384 (92%), gentamicin — 254 (61%), and fluconazole — 150 (36%). The prevalence of off-label prescriptions was 41% (of 1,557 analyzed prescriptions), unlicensed prescriptions — 10%. Congenital infections were the main reasons for prescription of antimicrobial drugs — 225 (62%). </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The high anti-bacterial load in newborns has been established. The indicator 'days of antimicrobial therapy' in the ICU is 4 times higher than that in the United States. The prevalence of off-label and unlicensed prescriptions is comparable with foreign data.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>новорожденные дети</kwd><kwd>противомикробные средства</kwd><kwd>инфекционные возбудители</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>newborns</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial agents</kwd><kwd>infectious viruses</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савинова Т.А., Сидоренко Н.Б., Буданов С.В., Грудинина С.А. 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