vspВопросы современной педиатрииCurrent Pediatrics1682-55271682-5535Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/vsp.v13i4.1086vsp-169Research ArticleОБМЕН ОПЫТОМEXCHANGE OF EXPERIENCEДЕФИЦИТ МИКРОНУТРИЕНТОВ У ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТАMICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES IN CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AGEЗахароваИ. Н.ZakharovaI. N.

Zaharova Irina Nikolaevna, PhD, professor, Honoured Doctor of Russian Federation, Head of the Pediatrics Department of the Faculty of Pediatrics of Russian Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Chief Pediatrician of the Central Federal Region of Russian Federation

zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ruСугянН. Г.SugyanN. G.zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ruДмитриеваЮ. А.DmitrievaYu. A.zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ruРоссийская медицинская академия последипломного образования, МоскваРоссияRussian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, MoscowRussian Federation201402082014134Вопросы современной педиатрии6369Copyright © Захарова И.Н., Сугян Н.Г., Дмитриева Ю.А., 20142014Захарова И.Н., Сугян Н.Г., Дмитриева Ю.А.Zakharova I.N., Sugyan N.G., Dmitrieva Y.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/169

Для гармоничного развития ребенка в раннем и дошкольном возрасте рацион питания должен быть сбалансирован не только по белкам, жирам и углеводам, но и включать в достаточном количестве витамины, макро- и микроэлементы. Обладающие высокой биологической активностью, эти микронутриенты необходимы для регенерации тканей, формирования и поддержания репродуктивной функции, обеспечения иммунной реактивности организма. Многие специалисты считают необходимым дополнительное введение витаминов и минералов в рацион детей, особенно в период их интенсивного роста и развития.

For the harmonious development of the child in early and preschool age diet should be balanced not only for proteins, fats and carbohydrates, but also include a sufficient amount of vitamins, trace elements and minerals. Manifesting high biological activity, vitamins are essential for sustaining growth and tissue regeneration, they participate in reproductive function, provide immune reactivity, maintain normal function of all organs and tissues. Many experts believe that without further supplementation of vitamins and minerals into the diet of a child, fully balanced diet is not possible, especially in a period of intense growth and development.

дети раннего и дошкольного возрастарост и развитиевитаминыминералымикроэлементыдефицитchildren of preschool agegrowth and developmentvitaminsmineralstrace elementsdeficiencyКРКАKRKAReferencesZakharova I. N., Dmitrieva Yu. A. Ross. vestn. perinatol. i pediatrii — Russian bulletin of perinatology and pediatrics. 2011; 56 (2): 106–113.Zakharova I. N., Dmitrieva Yu. A. Ross. vestn. perinatol. i pediatrii — Russian bulletin of perinatology and pediatrics. 2011; 56 (2): 106–113.Gul’tikova O. S. Pediatriya — Pediatrics. 2009; 88 (5): 76–79.Gul’tikova O. S. Pediatriya — Pediatrics. 2009; 88 (5): 76–79.Lucas A. Programming by early nutrition: An experimental approach. J. Nutr. 1998; 128: 401–406.Lucas A. Programming by early nutrition: An experimental approach. J. Nutr. 1998; 128: 401–406.Anderson J. W., Johnstone B. M., Remley D. T. Brest-feeding and cognitive development: a meta-analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999; 70: 525–535.Anderson J. W., Johnstone B. M., Remley D. T. Brest-feeding and cognitive development: a meta-analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999; 70: 525–535.Weaver L. Early catch-up growth-balancing the interests of the child. Nutritional Programming: implications for infant feeding. Proceedings of an international symposium, Barcelona, 2005.Weaver L. Early catch-up growth-balancing the interests of the child. Nutritional Programming: implications for infant feeding. Proceedings of an international symposium, Barcelona, 2005.Waterland R. A., Garza C. Potential mechanisms of metabolic imprinting that lead to chronic disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999; 69 (2): 179–197.Waterland R. A., Garza C. Potential mechanisms of metabolic imprinting that lead to chronic disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999; 69 (2): 179–197.Spirichev V. B. Vopr. det. dietol. — Problems of pediatric nutritiology. 2003; 1 (1): 40–49.Spirichev V. B. Vopr. det. dietol. — Problems of pediatric nutritiology. 2003; 1 (1): 40–49.Zakharova I. N., Korovina N. A., Ovsyannikova E. M., Dmitrieva Yu. A., Surkova E. N. Vopr. prakt. pediatrii — Problems of practical pediatrics. 2010; 5 (1): 63–67.Zakharova I. N., Korovina N. A., Ovsyannikova E. M., Dmitrieva Yu. A., Surkova E. N. Vopr. prakt. pediatrii — Problems of practical pediatrics. 2010; 5 (1): 63–67.Shcheplyagina L. A., Moiseeva T.Yu., Kruglova I. V., Bogaty reva A. O. Problemy podrostkovogo vozrasta [Problems of Adolescence]. Moscow, 2003. pp. 291–321.Shcheplyagina L. A., Moiseeva T.Yu., Kruglova I. V., Bogaty reva A. O. Problemy podrostkovogo vozrasta [Problems of Adolescence]. Moscow, 2003. pp. 291–321.Defitsit kal’tsiya i osteopenicheskie sostoyaniya u detei: diagnostika, lechenie i profilaktika. Nauch.-prakt. progr [Calcium Deficiency and Osteopenic Conditions in Children: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. Scientific-practical. Prog.]. Moscow, 2006. 48 p.Defitsit kal’tsiya i osteopenicheskie sostoyaniya u detei: diagnostika, lechenie i profilaktika. Nauch.-prakt. progr [Calcium Deficiency and Osteopenic Conditions in Children: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. Scientific-practical. Prog.]. Moscow, 2006. 48 p.Shilin D. E. Kal’tsii, vitamin D i formirovanie zdorovogo skeleta [Calcium, Vitamin D and the Formation of a Healthy Skeleton]. Moscow, 2008. 60 p.Shilin D. E. Kal’tsii, vitamin D i formirovanie zdorovogo skeleta [Calcium, Vitamin D and the Formation of a Healthy Skeleton]. Moscow, 2008. 60 p.Zakharova I. N., Dmitrieva Yu. A., Yablochkova S. V., Evseeva E. A. Vopr. sovr. pediatrii — Current pediatrics. 2014; 13 (1): 134–140.Zakharova I. N., Dmitrieva Yu. A., Yablochkova S. V., Evseeva E. A. Vopr. sovr. pediatrii — Current pediatrics. 2014; 13 (1): 134–140.Clemens T. L., Henderson S. L., Adams J. S., Holick M. F. Increased skin pigment reduces the capacity of skin to synthesized vitamin D3. Lancet. 1982; 1: 74–76.Clemens T. L., Henderson S. L., Adams J. S., Holick M. F. Increased skin pigment reduces the capacity of skin to synthesized vitamin D3. Lancet. 1982; 1: 74–76.Wortsman J., Matsuoka L. Y., Chen T. C., Lu Z., Holick M. F. Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000; 72: 690–693.Wortsman J., Matsuoka L. Y., Chen T. C., Lu Z., Holick M. F. Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000; 72: 690–693.Zhou C., Assem M., Tay J. C., Watkins P. B., Blumberg B., Schuetz E. G., Thummel K. E. Steroid and xenobiotic receptor and vitamin D receptor crosstalk mediates CYP24 expression and druginduced osteomalacia. J. Clin. Invest. 2006; 116: 1703–1712.Zhou C., Assem M., Tay J. C., Watkins P. B., Blumberg B., Schuetz E. G., Thummel K. E. Steroid and xenobiotic receptor and vitamin D receptor crosstalk mediates CYP24 expression and druginduced osteomalacia. J. Clin. Invest. 2006; 116: 1703–1712.Spirichev V. B. Vopr. det. dietol. — Problems of pediatric nutritiology. 2003; 1 (1): 40–49.Spirichev V. B. Vopr. det. dietol. — Problems of pediatric nutritiology. 2003; 1 (1): 40–49.Matkovic V., IIich J. Z. Calcium requirements for growth: are current recommendations adequate? Nutr. Rev. 1993; 51 (6): 171–180.Matkovic V., IIich J. Z. Calcium requirements for growth: are current recommendations adequate? Nutr. Rev. 1993; 51 (6): 171–180.Worldwide prevalence of anemia 1993–2005/WHO Global Database on anemia. B. de Benoist, E. McLean, I. Eglis, M. Cogswell (eds.). Geneva: World Health Organisation. 2008.Worldwide prevalence of anemia 1993–2005/WHO Global Database on anemia. B. de Benoist, E. McLean, I. Eglis, M. Cogswell (eds.). Geneva: World Health Organisation. 2008.Feeding and nutrition of infants young children. Guidelines for the WHO European Region, with emphasis on the former Soviet countries. WHO Regional Publications, European Series № 87. WHO. 2000. Updated reprint: 2003.Feeding and nutrition of infants young children. Guidelines for the WHO European Region, with emphasis on the former Soviet countries. WHO Regional Publications, European Series № 87. WHO. 2000. Updated reprint: 2003.Anemii u detei: diagnostika, differentsial‘naya diagnostika, lechenie. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. Pod red. A. G. Rumyantseva, Yu. N. Tokareva [Anemia in Children: Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, Treatment. 2nd edition, rev. and enl. Edited by A. G. Rumyantsev, Yu. N. Tokarev]. Moscow, MAKS Press, 2004. 216 p.Anemii u detei: diagnostika, differentsial‘naya diagnostika, lechenie. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. Pod red. A. G. Rumyantseva, Yu. N. Tokareva [Anemia in Children: Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, Treatment. 2nd edition, rev. and enl. Edited by A. G. Rumyantsev, Yu. N. Tokarev]. Moscow, MAKS Press, 2004. 216 p.Oski F. A., Honig A. S. The effects of therapy on the develop mental scores of iron deficient infants. J. Pediatr. 1978; 92: 21–25.Oski F. A., Honig A. S. The effects of therapy on the develop mental scores of iron deficient infants. J. Pediatr. 1978; 92: 21–25.Lozoff B., Jimenez E., Hagen J. Poorer behavioral and developmental outcome more than 10 years after treatment for iron deficiency in infancy. Pediatrics. 2000; 105: 51.Lozoff B., Jimenez E., Hagen J. Poorer behavioral and developmental outcome more than 10 years after treatment for iron deficiency in infancy. Pediatrics. 2000; 105: 51.Khan I., Baseer A. Hematologic effect of vitamin A supplementation in anemic Pakistani children. Pak. Med. Assoc. 1996; 46: 34–38.Khan I., Baseer A. Hematologic effect of vitamin A supplementation in anemic Pakistani children. Pak. Med. Assoc. 1996; 46: 34–38.Dijkhuizen M. A., Wieringa F. T., West C. E. Zinc plus betacarotene supplementation of pregnant women is superior to beta-carotene supplementation alone in improving vitamin A status in both mothers and infants. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004; 80 (5): 1299–1307.Dijkhuizen M. A., Wieringa F. T., West C. E. Zinc plus betacarotene supplementation of pregnant women is superior to beta-carotene supplementation alone in improving vitamin A status in both mothers and infants. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004; 80 (5): 1299–1307.Garria-Casal M. N., Layrisse M., Solano L., Baron M. A., Arguello F., Lovera D., Ramirez J. Vitamin A and -carotene can improve nonheme iron absorption from rice, wheat and corn by humans. J. Nutr. 1998; 128: 646–650.Garria-Casal M. N., Layrisse M., Solano L., Baron M. A., Arguello F., Lovera D., Ramirez J. Vitamin A and -carotene can improve nonheme iron absorption from rice, wheat and corn by humans. J. Nutr. 1998; 128: 646–650.Gunnarsdottir I., Dahl L. Iodine intake in human nutrition: a systematic literature review. Food Nutr. Res. 2012; 56: 19731.Gunnarsdottir I., Dahl L. Iodine intake in human nutrition: a systematic literature review. Food Nutr. Res. 2012; 56: 19731.Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients. L. Allen et al. (eds.). World Health Organization and Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2006.Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients. L. Allen et al. (eds.). World Health Organization and Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2006.Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements. Bangkok, Thailand. 1998. 2nd edn. Geneva, World Health Organization. 2004.Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements. Bangkok, Thailand. 1998. 2nd edn. Geneva, World Health Organization. 2004.Chanoine J. P. Selenium and thyroid function in infants, children and adolescents. Biofactors. 2003; 19 (3–4): 137–143.Chanoine J. P. Selenium and thyroid function in infants, children and adolescents. Biofactors. 2003; 19 (3–4): 137–143.Giray B., Hincal F., Tezic T., Okten A., Gedik Y. Status of selenium and antioxidant enzymes of goitrous children is lower than healthy controls and nongoitrous children with high iodine deficiency. Biol. Trace Element Res. 2001; 82: 35–52.Giray B., Hincal F., Tezic T., Okten A., Gedik Y. Status of selenium and antioxidant enzymes of goitrous children is lower than healthy controls and nongoitrous children with high iodine deficiency. Biol. Trace Element Res. 2001; 82: 35–52.International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG) Technical Document № 1. Assessment of the risk of zinc deficiency in populations and options for its control. C. Holt, K. H. Brown (eds.). Food & Nutr. Bull. 2004, 25 (Suppl. 2): 94–203.International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG) Technical Document № 1. Assessment of the risk of zinc deficiency in populations and options for its control. C. Holt, K. H. Brown (eds.). Food & Nutr. Bull. 2004, 25 (Suppl. 2): 94–203.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.