vspВопросы современной педиатрииCurrent Pediatrics1682-55271682-5535Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/vsp.v17i3.1893vsp-1904Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯORIGINAL ARTICLESАЛЛЕРГИЧЕСКИЙ РИНИТ У ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА, ПРОЖИВАЮЩИХ В ГОРОДСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ АЛТАЙСКОГО КРАЯ: ПОПУЛЯЦИОННОЕ ОДНОМОМЕНТНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕALLERGIC RHINITIS IN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN LIVING IN URBAN SETTINGS OF THE ALTAI REGION: A POPULATION-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDYhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7143-8259ШаховаН. В.ShakhovaNatalia V.

Шахова Наталья Викторовна - доцент кафедры пропедевтики детских болезней АГМУ, врач аллерголог-иммунолог высшей квалификационной категории.

656043, Барнаул, пр. Ленина, д. 40,  тел.: +7 (385) 261-91-82

Barnaul

Natalia.shakhova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2234-5355КамалтыноваЕ. М.KamaltynovaElena M.

Томск

Tomsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7801-0223ЛобановЮ. Ф.LobanovYuriy Ph.

Барнаул

Barnaul

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9486-4368АрдатоваТ. С.ArdatovaTatyana S.

Барнаул

Barnaul

Алтайский государственный медицинский университетРоссияAltai State Medical UniversityRussian FederationСибирский государственный медицинский университетРоссияSiberian State Medical UniversityRussian Federation201817072018173236243Copyright © Шахова Н.В., Камалтынова Е.М., Лобанов Ю.Ф., Ардатова Т.С., 20182018Шахова Н.В., Камалтынова Е.М., Лобанов Ю.Ф., Ардатова Т.С.Shakhova N.V., Kamaltynova E.M., Lobanov Y.P., Ardatova T.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1904

Изучение распространенности и факторов риска аллергического ринита (АР) среди дошкольников необходимо для формирования стратегии профилактики болезни.

Цель исследования — изучить распространенность, клинико-аллергологические особенности и факторы риска АР у детей дошкольного возраста, проживающих в городских условиях Алтайского края.

Методы

Методы. На этапе скрининга в исследование включали детей в возрасте 3–6 лет, посещающих дошкольные образовательные учреждения в 5 городах Алтайского края. Симптомы АР определяли, используя опросник ISAAC. Диагноз АР устанавливали при наличии ≥ 2 симптомов (ринорея, затруднение носового дыхания, зуд в полости носа, повторяющееся чихание) продолжительностью ≥ 1 ч при положительном прик-тесте и/или уровне специфических IgE в крови > 0,35 кЕд/л как минимум к одному аллергену (всего 11).

Результаты

Результаты. Распространенность АР среди городских детей в возрасте 3–6 лет (n = 3205) составила 10,6%, из них 48% — с ранее установленным диагнозом АР. У 85% детей установлено персистирующее течение болезни, у 69% — АР легкой тяжести. Чаще всего обнаруживали сенсибилизацию к клещам домашней пыли (61,6%), пыльце березы (40,9%) и шерсти кошки (19,4%). Факторами риска АР являлись семейный аллергологический анамнез [отношение шансов (ОШ) 4,2; 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 3,5–5,9], мужской пол (ОШ 2,8; 95% ДИ 1,9–4,0), табакокурение родителей (ОШ 1,8; 95% ДИ 1,2–2,9), нарушение режима/дозировки приема витамина D3 в младенческом возрасте (ОШ 1,8; 95% ДИ 1,2–2,8), наличие астмоподобных симптомов (ОШ 10,2; 95% ДИ 7,2–14,5) и проявлений атопического дерматита (ОШ 6,0; 95% ДИ 4,2–8,5).

Заключение

Заключение. АР встречается у каждого десятого ребенка дошкольного возраста (преимущественно легкой тяжести и персистирующего течения), из них у каждого второго заболевание диагностировано впервые. Сенсибилизация возникает к типичным для детского возраста аллергенам. Предрасполагают к возникновению АР семейный аллергологический анамнез, мужской пол, пассивное курение, игнорирование рекомендаций приема витамина D3 в младенческом возрасте, наличие атопического дерматита и астмоподобных симптомов.

Background

Background. It is necessary to study the prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis (AR) among pre-school children in order to develop a disease prevention strategy.

Objective

Objective. Our aim was to study the prevalence, clinical and allergological features, and risk factors for AR in pre-school children living in urban settings of the Altai Region.

Methods

Methods. At the screening stage, the study enrolled children aged 3–6 years attending pre-school educational institutions in 5 cities of the Altai Region. AR symptoms were determined using the ISAAC questionnaire. The AR was diagnosed if ≥ 2 symptoms (rhinorrhea, nasal breathing difficulty, itching in the nasal cavity, repetitive sneezing) lasted ≥ 1 h with a positive prick test and/or a blood level of specific IgE > 0.35 kU/L to at least one allergen (total 11).

Results

Results. The prevalence of AR in urban children aged 3–6 years (n = 3,205) was 10.6%; 48% of them were previously diagnosed with AR. 85% of children had a persistent course of the disease; 69% had mild AR. Most often, there was established sensitization to house dust mites (61.6%), birch pollen (40.9%), and cat fur (19.4%). The risk factors for AR were family history of allergies [odds ratio (OR) 4.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5–5.9], masculine (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.9–4.0), smoking parents (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.9), nonadherence to a regimen/dosage of vitamin D3 intake in infancy (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.8), presence of asthma-like symptoms (OR 10.2, 95% CI 7.2–14.5), and manifestations of atopic dermatitis (OR 6.0, 95% CI 4.2–8.5).

Conclusion

Conclusion. AR occurs in every tenth pre-school child (mainly of mild severity and persistent course), every second disease among them was diagnosed for the first time. Sensitization occurs to typical for childhood allergens. The risk factors for AR are family history of allergies, masculine, passive smoking, ignoring the recommendations of taking vitamin D3 in infancy, the presence of atopic dermatitis, and asthma-like symptoms.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.