<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы современной педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current Pediatrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-5527</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1682-5535</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vsp.v17i4.1924</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vsp-1928</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Полиморфизм генов PPARG (P12A), APOA1 (G75A) и APOE (C112A и A158C) у детей с ожирением и артериальной гипертензией: исследование «случай–контроль»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Polymorphism of PPARG (P12A), APOA1 (G75A), and APOE (C112A and A158C) Genes in Children with Obesity and Arterial Hypertension: A Case-Control Study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5250-7351</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковтун</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovtun</surname><given-names>Olga P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4285-6902</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устюжанина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustyuzhanina</surname><given-names>Margarita A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Устюжанина Маргарита Александровна, ассистент кафедры поликлинической педиатрии и педиатрии ФПК и ПП</p><p>620028, Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">ustmargarita@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>307</fpage><lpage>315</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ковтун О.П., Устюжанина М.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ковтун О.П., Устюжанина М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovtun O.P., Ustyuzhanina M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1928">https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1928</self-uri><abstract><p>Генетическая природа коморбидного развития ожирения и артериальной гипертензии (АГ) у детей недостаточно изучена. В этой связи актуально исследование генов, полиморфизм которых связан с нарушениями как обменных процессов, так и контроля артериального давления. Цель исследования — изучить ассоциацию полиморфизмов P12A (rs1801282) гена PPARG, G75A (rs670) гена аполипопротеина A1 (APOА1), C112A (rs429358) и A158C (rs7412) гена аполипопротеина E (APOE) с развитием ожирения и АГ у детей. Методы. Исследование проведено с участием детей с ожирением и АГ («случай») и здоровых детей («контроль») в возрасте от 10 до 17 лет. Полиморфизм генов изучали методом полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени. У всех детей определяли концентрации в крови холестерина и его фракций, триглицеридов, апоА1, апоВ, глюкозы натощак и в глюкозотолерантном тесте. Результаты. Группы пациентов с ожирением и АГ (n = 69) и здоровых детей (n = 49) были сопоставимы по возрасту и полу. Среди участников группы «случай» обнаружена более высокая частота носителей аллеля А (25 в сравнении с 9% в группе здоровых; р = 0,002) и генотипа АА (13 и 2% соответственно; df = 2, р = 0,031) полиморфизма С112А гена APOЕ. Полиморфизмы генов PPARG и APOA1, а также полиморфизм A158C гена APOE с развитием ожирения и АГ у детей не ассоциировали. У носителей аллеля e2 гена APOЕ отмечены более низкие концентрации липопротеинов низкой плотности и апоВ в крови, у носителей аллеля G гена PPARG — более низкие, а у носителей аллеля А полиморфизма G75A гена APOA1 — более высокие значения гликемии. Заключение. Полиморфизм C112A гена APOЕ ассоциирован с коморбидным развитием ожирения и АГ у детей. Патогенетическое значение полиморфизмов генов PPARG и APOА1 требует дальнейшего изучения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. The genetic nature of a comorbid development of obesity and arterial hypertension (AH) in children is poorly studied. In this regard, it is important to study genes, the polymorphism of which is associated with disturbances in both metabolic processes and control of arterial pressure. Objective. Our aim was to study the association of polymorphisms P12A (rs1801282) of the PPARG gene, G75A (rs670) of the apolipoprotein A1 gene (APOA1), C112A (rs429358) and A158C (rs7412) of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) with the development of obesity and AH in children. Methods. The study included children with obesity and AH (case) and healthy children (control) aged from 10 to 17 years. Gene polymorphism was studied by polymerase chain reaction in real time. We determined blood concentrations of cholesterol and its fractions, triglycerides, apoA1, apoB, fasting glucose and glucose tolerance test for all children. Results. Groups of patients with obesity and AH (n = 69) and healthy children (n = 49) were comparable by age and sex. In the case group, there were more carriers of the A allele (25 versus 9% in the healthy group; p = 0.002) and the AA genotype (13% and 2%, respectively; df = 2, p = 0.031) of APOE C112A polymorphism. PPARG and APOA1 polymorphisms as well as APOE A158C polymorphism were not associated with the development of obesity and AH in children. The carriers of the APOE e2 allele had lower concentrations of low density lipoproteins and apoB in the blood; the carriers of the PPARG G allele had lower glycemia values, and the carriers of the A allele of APOA1 G75A polymorphism had higher glycemia values. Conclusion. The APOE C112A polymorphism is associated with a comorbid development of obesity and AH in children. The pathogenetic significance of PPARG and APOA1 polymorphisms warrants further investigation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>холестерин</kwd><kwd>аполипопротеин</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>гены</kwd><kwd>PPARG</kwd><kwd>APOA1</kwd><kwd>АРОЕ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>cholesterol</kwd><kwd>apolipoprotein</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>genes</kwd><kwd>PPARG</kwd><kwd>APOA1</kwd><kwd>APOE</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Не указан</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Not specified</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y, Lobstein T. Worldwide trends in childhood overweight and obesity. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2006;1(1):11–25. doi: 10.1080/17477160600586747.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y, Lobstein T. Worldwide trends in childhood overweight and obesity. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2006;1(1):11–25. doi: 10.1080/17477160600586747.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017;390(10113):2627–2642. doi: 10.1016/S01406736(17)32129-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017;390(10113):2627–2642. doi: 10.1016/S01406736(17)32129-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гурова М.М. Эпидемиология ожирения у детей на современном этапе // Вопросы детской диетологии. — 2014. — Т. 12. — № 3 — С. 36–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gurova MM. Epidemiology of obesity in children at the modern stage. Problems of pediatric nutritiology. 2014;12(3):36–45. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тутельян В.А., Батурин А.К., Конь И.Я., и др. Распространенность ожирения и избыточной массы тела среди детского населения РФ: мультицентровое исследование // Педиатрия. Журнал им. Г.Н. Сперанского. — 2014. — Т. 93. — № 5 — С. 28–33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tutel’yan VA, Baturin AK, Kon’ IYa, et al. Rasprostranennost’ ozhireniya i izbytochnoi massy tela sredi detskogo naseleniya RF: mul’titsentrovoe issledovanie. Pediatriia. 2014;93(5):28–33. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simmonds M, Llewellyn A, Owen CG, Woolacott N. Predicting adult obesity from childhood obesity: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Obes Rev. 2015;17(2):95–107. doi: 10.1111/obr.12334.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simmonds M, Llewellyn A, Owen CG, Woolacott N. Predicting adult obesity from childhood obesity: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Obes Rev. 2015;17(2):95–107. doi: 10.1111/obr.12334.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павловская Е.В., Багаева М.Э., Сурков А.Г., и др. Ожирение у детей: критерии диагностики и клинические проявления // Вопросы детской диетологии. — 2012. — Т. 10. — № 3 — С. 18–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlovskaya EV, Bagaeva ME, Surkov AG, et al. Obesity in children: diagnostic criteria and clinical manifestations. Problems of pediatric nutritiology. 2012;10(3):18–22. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herouvi D, Karanasios E, Karayianni C, Karavanaki K. Cardio vascular disease in childhood: the role of obesity. Eur J Pediatr. 2013; 172(6):721–732. doi: 10.1007/s00431-013-1932-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herouvi D, Karanasios E, Karayianni C, Karavanaki K. Cardio vascular disease in childhood: the role of obesity. Eur J Pediatr. 2013; 172(6):721–732. doi: 10.1007/s00431-013-1932-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Болотова Н.В., Посохова Н.В., Дронова Е.Г., и др. Факторы риска формирования артериальной гипертензии у детей и подростков с ожирением // Педиатрия. Журнал им. Г.Н. Сперанского. — 2013. — Т. 92. — № 5 — С. 40–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolotova NV, Posokhova NV, Dronova EG, et al. Faktory riska formirovaniya arterial’noi gipertenzii u detei i podrostkov s ozhireniem. Pediatriia. 2013;92(5):40–44. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щербакова М.Ю., Синицын П.А., Порядина Г.И., и др. Гене тические основы формирования обменных нарушений у детей с ожирением // Вестник Российского государственного медицинского университета. — 2011. — № 4 — С. 26–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scherbakova MYu, Sinitsyn PA, Poryadina GI, et al. Genetic foundations of metabolic disorders formation in children with obesity. Bulletin of RSMU. 2011;(4):26–31. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ушакова С.А., Петрушина А.Д., Куличенко М.П., и др. Мно гофакторная оценка предикторов формирования артериальной гипертензии у подростков с избытком массы тела и ожирением // Медицинская наука и образование Урала. — 2015. — Т. 16. — № 4 — С. 50–54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ushakova SA, Petrushina AD, Kulichenko MP, et al. Circulating markers of endothelial dysfunction in adolescents with arterial hypertension associated with overweight and obesity. Meditsinskaya nauka i obrazovanie Urala. 2015;8(84):50–54. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кожевникова О.В., Намазова-Баранова Л.С., Мытникова Ю.С. и др. Ожирение и нарушения сна у детей // Педиатрическая фармакология. — 2016. — Т. 13. — № 6 — С. 571–576. doi: 10.15690/pf.v13i6.1671.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozhevnikova OV, Namazova-Baranova LS, Mytnikova YuS, et al. Obesity and sleep disturbance in children. Pediatric pharmacology. 2016;13(6): 571–576. (In Russ). doi: 10.15690/pf.v13i6.1671.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новикова В.П., Эглит А.Э. Бронхиальная астма и ожирение у детей // Вопросы детской диетологии. — 2014. — Т. 12. — № 3 — С. 46–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novikova VP, Eglit AE. Bronchial asthma and obesity in children. Problems of pediatric nutritiology. 2014;12(3):46–51. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson AD, Solorzano CM, McCartney CR. Childhood obesity and its impact on the development of adolescent PCOS. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine. 2014;32(03):202–213. doi: 10.1055/s0034-1371092.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson AD, Solorzano CM, McCartney CR. Childhood obesity and its impact on the development of adolescent PCOS. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine. 2014;32(03):202–213. doi: 10.1055/s0034-1371092.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhadoria A, Sahoo K, Sahoo B, et al. Childhood obesity: causes and consequences. J Family Med Prim Care. 2015;4(2):187–192. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.154628.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhadoria A, Sahoo K, Sahoo B, et al. Childhood obesity: causes and consequences. J Family Med Prim Care. 2015;4(2):187–192. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.154628.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">who.int [Internet]. Non communicable diseases. World Health Organization. 2017 [cited 2018 May 17]. Available from: http:// www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs355/en/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">who.int [Internet]. Non communicable diseases. World Health Organization. 2017 [cited 2018 May 17]. Available from: http:// www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs355/en/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barbieri M, Desesquelles A, Egidi V, et al. Obesity-related mortality in France, Italy, and the United States: a comparison using multiple cause-of-death analysis. Int J Public Health. 2017;62(6):623–629. doi: 10.1007/s00038-017-0978-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barbieri M, Desesquelles A, Egidi V, et al. Obesity-related mortality in France, Italy, and the United States: a comparison using multiple cause-of-death analysis. Int J Public Health. 2017;62(6):623–629. doi: 10.1007/s00038-017-0978-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щербакова М.Ю., Порядина Г.И., Ковалева Е.А. Проблема ожирения в детском возрасте // Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. — 2010. — № 7 — С. 74–82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shcherbakova MYu, Poryadina GI, Kovaleva EA Problema ozhireniya v detskom vozraste. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol. 2010;(7):74–82. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Vliet M, Heymans M, von Rosenstiel I, et al. Cardiometabolic risk variables in overweight and obese children: a worldwide comparison. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2011;10(1):106. doi: 10.1186/ 1475-2840-10-106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Vliet M, Heymans M, von Rosenstiel I, et al. Cardiometabolic risk variables in overweight and obese children: a worldwide comparison. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2011;10(1):106. doi: 10.1186/ 1475-2840-10-106.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herrera B, Lindgren C. The genetics of obesity. Curr Diab Rep. 2010;10(6):498–505. doi: 10.1007/s11892-010-0153-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herrera B, Lindgren C. The genetics of obesity. Curr Diab Rep. 2010;10(6):498–505. doi: 10.1007/s11892-010-0153-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vimaleswaran K, Tachmazidou I, Zhao J, et al. Candidate genes for obesity-susceptibility show enriched association within a large genome-wide association study for BMI. Hum Mol Genet. 2012;21(20):4537–4542. doi: 10.1093/hmg/dds283.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vimaleswaran K, Tachmazidou I, Zhao J, et al. Candidate genes for obesity-susceptibility show enriched association within a large genome-wide association study for BMI. Hum Mol Genet. 2012;21(20):4537–4542. doi: 10.1093/hmg/dds283.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pihlajamaki J, Schwab U, Kaminska D, et al. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and the Pro12Ala polymorphisms of PPARG regulate serum lipids through divergent pathways: a randomized crossover clinical trial. Genes Nutr. 2015;10(6):43. doi: 10.1007/s12263-015-0493-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pihlajamaki J, Schwab U, Kaminska D, et al. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and the Pro12Ala polymorphisms of PPARG regulate serum lipids through divergent pathways: a randomized crossover clinical trial. Genes Nutr. 2015;10(6):43. doi: 10.1007/s12263-015-0493-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gomez P, Perez-Martinez P, Marin C, et al. APOA1 and APOA4 gene polymorphisms influence the effects of dietary fat on LDL particle size and oxidation in healthy young adults. J Nutr. 2010;140(4):773–778. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.115964.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gomez P, Perez-Martinez P, Marin C, et al. APOA1 and APOA4 gene polymorphisms influence the effects of dietary fat on LDL particle size and oxidation in healthy young adults. J Nutr. 2010;140(4):773–778. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.115964.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olano-Martin E, Anil E, Caslake M, et al. Contribution of apolipoprotein E genotype and docosahexaenoic acid to the LDLcholesterol response to fish oil. Atherosclerosis. 2010;209(1): 104–110. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.08.024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olano-Martin E, Anil E, Caslake M, et al. Contribution of apolipoprotein E genotype and docosahexaenoic acid to the LDLcholesterol response to fish oil. Atherosclerosis. 2010;209(1): 104–110. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.08.024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ordovas JM. Apolipoprotein E isoform phenotyping methodology and population frequency with identification of apoE1 and apoE5 isoforms. J Lipid Res. 1987;28(4):371–380.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ordovas JM. Apolipoprotein E isoform phenotyping methodology and population frequency with identification of apoE1 and apoE5 isoforms. J Lipid Res. 1987;28(4):371–380.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Phillips M. Apolipoprotein E isoforms and lipoprotein metabolism. IUBMB Life. 2014;66(9):616–623. doi: 10.1002/iub.1314.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Phillips M. Apolipoprotein E isoforms and lipoprotein metabolism. IUBMB Life. 2014;66(9):616–623. doi: 10.1002/iub.1314.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niu W, Qi Y, Qian Y, et al. The relationship between apolipoprotein E е2/е3/е4 polymorphisms and hypertension: a meta-analysis of six studies comprising 1812 cases and 1762 controls. Hypertens Res. 2009;32(12):1060–1066. doi: 10.1038/hr.2009.164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niu W, Qi Y, Qian Y, et al. The relationship between apolipoprotein E е2/е3/е4 polymorphisms and hypertension: a meta-analysis of six studies comprising 1812 cases and 1762 controls. Hypertens Res. 2009;32(12):1060–1066. doi: 10.1038/hr.2009.164.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stoumpos S, Hamodrakas S, Anthopoulos P, Bagos P. The association between apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension: a meta-analysis of 45 studies including 13 940 cases and 16 364 controls. J Hum Hypertens. 2012;27(4): 245–255. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2012.37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stoumpos S, Hamodrakas S, Anthopoulos P, Bagos P. The association between apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension: a meta-analysis of 45 studies including 13 940 cases and 16 364 controls. J Hum Hypertens. 2012;27(4): 245–255. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2012.37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lamri A, Abi Khalil C, Jaziri R, et al. Dietary fat intake and polymorphisms at the PPARG locus modulate BMI and type 2 diabetes risk in the D.E.S.I.R. prospective study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011;36(2):218–224. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2011.91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lamri A, Abi Khalil C, Jaziri R, et al. Dietary fat intake and polymorphisms at the PPARG locus modulate BMI and type 2 diabetes risk in the D.E.S.I.R. prospective study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011;36(2):218–224. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2011.91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Juo S, Wyszynski D, Beaty T, et al. Mild association between the A/G polymorphism in the promoter of the apolipoprotein A-I gene and apolipoprotein A-I levels: a meta-analysis. Am J Med Genet. 1999;82(3):235–241. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990129)82:3&lt;235::aid-ajmg8&gt;3.3.co;2-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Juo S, Wyszynski D, Beaty T, et al. Mild association between the A/G polymorphism in the promoter of the apolipoprotein A-I gene and apolipoprotein A-I levels: a meta-analysis. Am J Med Genet. 1999;82(3):235–241. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990129)82:3&lt;235::aid-ajmg8&gt;3.3.co;2-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральные клинические рекомендации (протоколы) по ведению детей с эндокринными заболеваниями / Под ред. Дедова И.И., Петерковой В.А. — М.: Практика; 2014. — C. 164– 182.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal’nye klinicheskie rekomendatsii (protokoly) po vedeniyu detei s endokrinnymi zabolevaniyami. Ed by Dedov II, Peterkova VA. Moscow: Praktika; 2014. pp. 164–182. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александров А.А., Кисляк О.А., Леонтьева И.В., Розанов В.Б. Диагностика, лечение и профилактика артериальной гипертензии у детей и подростков. Российские рекомендации (второй пересмотр) // Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. — 2009. — Т. 8. — № 4 S1 — С. 1–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksandrov AA, Kislyak OA, Leont’eva IV, Rozanov VB. Diagnostika, lechenie i profilaktika arterial’noi gipertenzii u detei i podrostkov. Rossiiskie rekomendatsii (vtoroi peresmotr). Cardiovascular therapy and prevention. 2009; 8(4 Suppl 1):1–32. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Приказ Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации № 621 от 30 декабря 2003 г. «О комплексной оценке состояния здоровья детей». Доступно по: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_126812/ Ссылка активна на 12.05.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation № 621 «O kompleksnoi otsenke sostoyaniya zdorov’ya detei» dated December 30, 2003. (In Russ). http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_126812/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">who.int [интернет]. Физическая активность [доступ от 18.06.2018]. Доступно по: http://www.who.int/topics/physical_ activity/physical-activity-final.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">who.int http://www.who.int/topics/physical_ activity/physical-activity-final.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eichner JE, Dunn ST, Perveen G, et al. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and cardiovascular disease: a HuGE review. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;155(6):487–495. doi: 10.1093/aje/155.6.487.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eichner JE, Dunn ST, Perveen G, et al. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and cardiovascular disease: a HuGE review. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;155(6):487–495. doi: 10.1093/aje/155.6.487.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horita N, Kaneko T. Genetic model selection for a case-control study and a meta-analysis. Meta Gene. 2015;5:1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.mgene.2015.04.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horita N, Kaneko T. Genetic model selection for a case-control study and a meta-analysis. Meta Gene. 2015;5:1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.mgene.2015.04.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калюжная О.В. Вклад генов липидотранспортной системы в формирование нарушений липидного обмена у подростков с эссенциальной артериальной гипертензией: Автореферат дис. ... канд. биол. наук. — Иркутск; 2016. — 22 с. Доступно по: http://www.fesmu.ru/elib/Book.aspx?id=172704 Ссылка активна на 04.06.2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalyuzhnaya OV. Vklad genov lipidotransportnoi sistemy v formirovanie narushenii lipidnogo obmena u podrostkov s essentsial’noi arterial’noi gipertenziei. [dissertation abstract] Irkutsk; 2016. 22 p. (In Russ). http://www.fesmu.ru/elib/Book.aspx?id=172704</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhatt S, Misra A, Sharma M, et al. Ala/Ala genotype of Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-_2 gene is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in Asian Indians. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012;14(9):828–834. doi: 10.1089/dia.2011.0277.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhatt S, Misra A, Sharma M, et al. Ala/Ala genotype of Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-_2 gene is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in Asian Indians. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012;14(9):828–834. doi: 10.1089/dia.2011.0277.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morini E, Tassi V, Capponi D, et al. Interaction between PPARgamma2 variants and gender on the modulation of body weight. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(6):1467–1470. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.225.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morini E, Tassi V, Capponi D, et al. Interaction between PPARgamma2 variants and gender on the modulation of body weight. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(6):1467–1470. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.225.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Auwerx J. PPAR_, the ultimate thrifty gene. Diabetologia. 1999; 42(9):1033–1049. doi: 10.1007/s001250051268.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Auwerx J. PPAR_, the ultimate thrifty gene. Diabetologia. 1999; 42(9):1033–1049. doi: 10.1007/s001250051268.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang X, Liu J, Ouyang Y, et al. The association between the Pro12Ala variant in the PPAR_2 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in a Chinese population. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e71985. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071985.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang X, Liu J, Ouyang Y, et al. The association between the Pro12Ala variant in the PPAR_2 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in a Chinese population. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e71985. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071985.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mehrad-Majd H, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Zali M. Effect of two common variants in PPAR-_2 gene on susceptibility to obesity. Biomed Res (Aligarh). 2017;28(13):5671–5677.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mehrad-Majd H, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Zali M. Effect of two common variants in PPAR-_2 gene on susceptibility to obesity. Biomed Res (Aligarh). 2017;28(13):5671–5677.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Munoz-Yanez C, Perez-Morales R, Moreno-Macias H, et al. Polymorphisms FTO rs9939609, PPARG rs1801282 and ADIPOQ rs4632532 and rs182052 but not lifestyle are associated with obesity related-traits in Mexican children. Genet Mol Biol. 2016; 39(4):54–553. doi: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2015-0267.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Munoz-Yanez C, Perez-Morales R, Moreno-Macias H, et al. Polymorphisms FTO rs9939609, PPARG rs1801282 and ADIPOQ rs4632532 and rs182052 but not lifestyle are associated with obesity related-traits in Mexican children. Genet Mol Biol. 2016; 39(4):54–553. doi: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2015-0267.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meirhaeghe A, Tanck M, Fajas L, et al. Study of a new PPAR_2 promoter polymorphism and haplotype analysis in a French population. Mol Genet Metab. 2005;85(2):140–148. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2005.02.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meirhaeghe A, Tanck M, Fajas L, et al. Study of a new PPAR_2 promoter polymorphism and haplotype analysis in a French population. Mol Genet Metab. 2005;85(2):140–148. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2005.02.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lagou V, Scott R, Manios Y, et al. Impact of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma and delta on adiposity in toddlers and preschoolers in the GENESIS Study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(4):913–918. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lagou V, Scott R, Manios Y, et al. Impact of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma and delta on adiposity in toddlers and preschoolers in the GENESIS Study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(4):913–918. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kypreos KE, Li X, van Dijk KW, et al. Molecular mechanisms of type III hyperlipoproteinemia: The contribution of the carboxyterminal domain of ApoE can account for the dyslipidemia that is associated with the E2/E2 phenotype. Biochemistry. 2003;42(33): 9841–9853. doi: 10.1021/bi0271796.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kypreos KE, Li X, van Dijk KW, et al. Molecular mechanisms of type III hyperlipoproteinemia: The contribution of the carboxyterminal domain of ApoE can account for the dyslipidemia that is associated with the E2/E2 phenotype. Biochemistry. 2003;42(33): 9841–9853. doi: 10.1021/bi0271796.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kypreos K, Karagiannides I, Fotiadou E, et al. Mechanisms of obesity and related pathologies: role of apolipoprotein E in the development of obesity. FEBS Journal. 2009;276(20):5720–5728. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07301.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kypreos K, Karagiannides I, Fotiadou E, et al. Mechanisms of obesity and related pathologies: role of apolipoprotein E in the development of obesity. FEBS Journal. 2009;276(20):5720–5728. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07301.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arbones-Mainar J, Johnson L, Altenburg M, Maeda N. Differential modulation of diet-induced obesity and adipocyte functionality by human apolipoprotein E3 and E4 in mice. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32(10):1595–1605. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arbones-Mainar J, Johnson L, Altenburg M, Maeda N. Differential modulation of diet-induced obesity and adipocyte functionality by human apolipoprotein E3 and E4 in mice. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32(10):1595–1605. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volcik K, Barkley R, Hutchinson R, et al. Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms predict low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and carotid artery wall thickness but not incident coronary heart disease in 12,491 ARIC study participants. Am J Epidemiol. 2006; 164(4):342–348. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwj202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volcik K, Barkley R, Hutchinson R, et al. Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms predict low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and carotid artery wall thickness but not incident coronary heart disease in 12,491 ARIC study participants. Am J Epidemiol. 2006; 164(4):342–348. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwj202.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oh JY, Barrett-Connor E; Rancho Bernardo Study Group. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and lipid levels differ by gender and family history of diabetes: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Clin Genet. 2008;60(2):132–137. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.600207.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oh JY, Barrett-Connor E; Rancho Bernardo Study Group. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and lipid levels differ by gender and family history of diabetes: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Clin Genet. 2008;60(2):132–137. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.600207.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calderon-Garciduenas L, Jewells V, Galaz-Montoya C, et al. Interactive and additive influences of Gender, BMI and Apolipoprotein 4 on cognition in children chronically exposed to high concentrations of PM2.5 and ozone. APOE 4 females are at highest risk in Mexico City. Environ Res. 2016;150:411–422. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calderon-Garciduenas L, Jewells V, Galaz-Montoya C, et al. Interactive and additive influences of Gender, BMI and Apolipoprotein 4 on cognition in children chronically exposed to high concentrations of PM2.5 and ozone. APOE 4 females are at highest risk in Mexico City. Environ Res. 2016;150:411–422. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elosua R, Demissie S, Cupples L, et al. Obesity modulates the association among APOE genotype, insulin, and glucose in men. Obes Res. 2003;11(12):1502–1508. doi: 10.1038/oby.2003.201.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elosua R, Demissie S, Cupples L, et al. Obesity modulates the association among APOE genotype, insulin, and glucose in men. Obes Res. 2003;11(12):1502–1508. doi: 10.1038/oby.2003.201.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fulton J, Dai S, Grunbaum J, et al. Apolipoprotein E affects serial changes in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adolescent girls: Project Heart Beat. Metabolism. 1999;48(3): 285–290. doi: 10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90073-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fulton J, Dai S, Grunbaum J, et al. Apolipoprotein E affects serial changes in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adolescent girls: Project Heart Beat. Metabolism. 1999;48(3): 285–290. doi: 10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90073-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Callas N, Poveda E, Baracaldo C. [Genetic polymorphism of the E apolipoprotein in school age children: comparison with levels of plasma lipids and apolipoproteins. (In Spanish).] Biomedica. 2007;27(4):526–536.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Callas N, Poveda E, Baracaldo C. [Genetic polymorphism of the E apolipoprotein in school age children: comparison with levels of plasma lipids and apolipoproteins. (In Spanish).] Biomedica. 2007;27(4):526–536.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smart M, Dedoussis G, Louizou E, et al. APOE, CETP and LPL genes show strong association with lipid levels in Greek children. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2010;20(1):26–33. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.02.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smart M, Dedoussis G, Louizou E, et al. APOE, CETP and LPL genes show strong association with lipid levels in Greek children. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2010;20(1):26–33. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.02.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toptas B, Gormus U, Ergen A, et al. Comparison of lipid profiles with APOA1 MspI polymorphism in obese children with hyperlipidemia. In Vivo. 2011;25(3):425–430.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toptas B, Gormus U, Ergen A, et al. Comparison of lipid profiles with APOA1 MspI polymorphism in obese children with hyperlipidemia. In Vivo. 2011;25(3):425–430.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кендыш И.Н. Регуляция углеводного обмена. — М.: Медицина; 1985.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kendysh IN. Regulyatsiya uglevodnogo obmena. Moscow: Meditsina; 1985. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
