vspВопросы современной педиатрииCurrent Pediatrics1682-55271682-5535Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/vsp.v20i2.2256vsp-2605Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWОсобенности лечения мочекаменной болезни у детейTreatment Characteristics of Kidney Stone Disease in Childrenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-1325БайрашевскаяА. В.BairashevskaiaAnastasia V.

Байрашевская Анастасия Васильевна – студентка.

119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2

 Moscow 

starnastya21@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5171-6450БайдинС. П.BaidinSergei P.

Москва

 Moscow 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3608-8759ЦариченкоД. Г.TsarichenkoDmitry G.

Москва

 Moscow 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3107-8161СаенкоВ. С.SaenkoVladimir S.

Москва

 Moscow 

Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияSechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian FederationПервый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); Институт урологии и репродуктивного здоровья человекаРоссияSechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Institute of Urology and Reproductive HealthRussian Federation202116052021202122133Copyright © Байрашевская А.В., Байдин С.П., Цариченко Д.Г., Саенко В.С., 20212021Байрашевская А.В., Байдин С.П., Цариченко Д.Г., Саенко В.С.Bairashevskaia A.V., Baidin S.P., Tsarichenko D.G., Saenko V.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2605

Мочекаменная болезнь (МКБ) — заболевание, вызванное образованием камней в почках и различных отделах мочевыделительного тракта. Частота госпитализации детей с МКБ в мире имеет тенденцию к увеличению. Для эффективного лечения больных с МКБ и снижения риска развития рецидивов камнеобразования необходим адекватный выбор метода удаления конкремента и последующей терапии с учетом анализа состава мочевого камня и оценки метаболических нарушений. В обзоре рассмотрены оперативные (дистанционная литотрипсия, чрескожная нефролитотрипсия, ретроградная интраренальная хирургия, уретеролитотрипсия, лапароскопия, открытое оперативное лечение) и консервативные (литокинетическая и литолитическая терапия) методы лечения. Особое внимание уделено метафилактике, или предотвращению рецидивов, камнеобразования. Отмечено, что медикаментозное лечение детей с МКБ затрудняют большое число нежелательных реакций и сложности в определении дозировки препаратов у детей первых лет жизни, а все хирургические методы отличаются высоким риском развития послеоперационных осложнений. Показана актуальность исследований генетической природы МКБ у детей, роли изменений образа жизни в развитии болезни, разработки новых лекарственных препаратов для коррекции метаболических нарушений.

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a disease caused by the formation of calculi in kidneys and other parts of the urinary tract. The rate of hospitalization of children with KSD worldwide is increasing. The adequate method of calculus extraction and further therapy according to calculus composition and metabolic disorders are crucial for effective treatment of patients with KSD and recurrence risk reduction. This review covers surgical (extracorporeal lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, retrograde intrarenal surgery, ureterolithotripsy, laparoscopy, open surgery) and non-surgical (lithokinetic and litholytic) therapy. Special attention is paid to metaphylaxis, or recurrence prevention, and calculi formation. It is noted that medication of children with KSD can be aggravated by various adverse reactions, complexity in drugs dosages in children of first years of life. Moreover, all surgical methods are characterized by high risk of postoperative complications development. The relevance of KSD genetic nature in children, the role of lifestyle changes in disease development, the implementation of new drugs for metabolic disorders correction are presented in the article.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.