vspВопросы современной педиатрииCurrent Pediatrics1682-55271682-5535Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/vsp.v20i6.2359vsp-2802Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕCLINICAL OBSERVATIONSИспользование специализированного лечебного продукта у недоношенного ребенка с постнатальной недостаточностью питания: клинический случайSpecial Medical Food in Premature Child with Postnatal Malnutrition: Clinical Casehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8717-2539БеляеваИ. А.BelyaevaIrina А.

Беляева Ирина Анатольевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор РАН, главный научный сотрудник; профессор кафедры факультетской педиатрии педиатрического факультета; врач-неонатолог высшей квалификационной категории 

119333, Москва, ул. Фотиевой, д. 10, стр. 1

Moscow

irinaneo@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-2914БомбардироваЕ. П.BombardirovaElena P.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4955-0121ТуртиТ. В.TurtiTatiana V.

Москва

Moscow

ПриходькоЕ. А.PrikhodkoEvgeniia A.

Москва

Moscow

НИИ педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей ЦКБ РАН; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова; Морозовская детская городская клиническая больница ДЗМРоссияResearch Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in “Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences”; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Morozovskaya Children’s City HospitalRussian FederationНИИ педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей ЦКБ РАНРоссияResearch Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in “Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences”Russian FederationНИИ педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей ЦКБ РАН; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова; НИИ организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента ДЗ г. МосквыРоссияResearch Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in “Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences”; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical ManagementRussian FederationМорозовская детская городская клиническая больница ДЗМРоссияMorozovskaya Children’s City HospitalRussian Federation202127122021206521529Copyright © Беляева И.А., Бомбардирова Е.П., Турти Т.В., Приходько Е.А., 20222022Беляева И.А., Бомбардирова Е.П., Турти Т.В., Приходько Е.А.Belyaeva I.А., Bombardirova E.P., Turti T.V., Prikhodko E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2802Обоснование

Обоснование. Белково-энергетическая недостаточность — это распространенное многофакторное патологическое состояние у детей раннего возраста. Диетологическая коррекция белково-энергетической недостаточности у незрелых младенцев с применением специализированных продуктов не всегда достаточно эффективна, что связано с остаточными проявлениями сочетанной перинатальной патологии.

Описание клинического случая. Глубоконедоношенному ребенку с выраженной белково-энергетической недостаточностью в позднем периоде сочетанной перинатальной патологии (перинатальное поражение центральной нервной системы и бронхолегочная дисплазия) назначена лечебная высокопитательная (высокобелковая/высокоэнергетическая) молочная смесь по индивидуальной схеме. На фоне диетологической коррекции отмечена положительная динамика клинических проявлений основного и сопутствующих заболеваний.

Заключение

Заключение. Высококалорийная и обогащенная белком лечебная смесь может эффективно корригировать белково-энергетическую недостаточность у недоношенных младенцев с сочетанной перинатальной патологией в восстановительном периоде (периоде компенсации нарушенных функций).

Background

Background. Protein-calorie deficiency is common multifactorial medical condition in infants. Nutrition therapy of protein-calorie deficiency in premature infants with special medical food is not always quite effective. It can be associated with residual manifestations of overlapping perinatal pathology.

Clinical case description. Extremely premature child with severe protein-calorie deficiency in the late period with combined perinatal pathology (perinatal central nervous system damage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia) was administrated with therapeutic highly nutritious (high-protein/high-energy) milk formula according to individual plan. The positive dynamics in clinical manifestations of the main and associated diseases was noted on nutrition therapy.

Conclusion

Conclusion. High-calorie and protein-enriched therapeutic formula can effectively correct protein-calorie deficiency in premature infants with associated perinatal pathology in the recovery period (disfunction compensation). 

белково-энергетическая недостаточностьнедостаточность питаниянедоношенныебронхолегочная дисплазияперинатальная патологиялечебное питаниеклинический случайprotein-calorie deficiencymalnutritionprematurebronchopulmonary dysplasiaperinatal pathologynutrition therapyclinical caseСтатья опубликована при финансовой поддержке компании «Нутриция Эдванс».The article was funded by Nutricia Advance.ReferencesSchwatzenberg SJ, Georgieff MK. Advocacy for improving nutrition in the first 1000 days to support childhood development and adult health. Pediatrics. 2018;141(2):e20173716. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-3716Schwatzenberg SJ, Georgieff MK. Advocacy for improving nutrition in the first 1000 days to support childhood development and adult health. Pediatrics. 2018;141(2):e20173716. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-3716WHO. Global Nutrition Targets 2025: Policy Brief Series (WHO/NMH/NHD/14.2). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2014.WHO. Global Nutrition Targets 2025: Policy Brief Series (WHO/NMH/NHD/14.2). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2014.Zhang Z, Li F, Hannon BA, et al. Effect of Oral Nutritional Supplementation on Growth in Children with Undernutrition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2021;13(9):3036. doi: 10.3390/nu13093036Zhang Z, Li F, Hannon BA, et al. Effect of Oral Nutritional Supplementation on Growth in Children with Undernutrition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2021;13(9):3036. doi: 10.3390/nu13093036Perkins JM, Kim R, Krishna A, et al. Understanding the association between stunting and child development in low- and middle-income countries: Next steps for research and intervention. Soc Sci Med. 2017;193:101–109. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.09.039Perkins JM, Kim R, Krishna A, et al. Understanding the association between stunting and child development in low- and middle-income countries: Next steps for research and intervention. Soc Sci Med. 2017;193:101–109. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.09.039Ong KK, Kennedy K, Castaneda-Gutierrez E, et al. Postnatal growth in preterm infants and later health outcomes: a systematic review. Acta Paediatr. 2015;104(10):974–986. doi: 10.1111/apa.13128Ong KK, Kennedy K, Castaneda-Gutierrez E, et al. Postnatal growth in preterm infants and later health outcomes: a systematic review. Acta Paediatr. 2015;104(10):974–986. doi: 10.1111/apa.13128Figueras-Aloy J, Palet-Trujols C, Matas-Barceló I, et al. Extrauterine growth restriction in very preterm infant: etiology, diagnosis, and 2-year follow-up. Eur J Pediatr. 2020;179(9):1469–1479. doi: 10.1007/s00431-020-03628-1Figueras-Aloy J, Palet-Trujols C, Matas-Barceló I, et al. Extrauterine growth restriction in very preterm infant: etiology, diagnosis, and 2-year follow-up. Eur J Pediatr. 2020;179(9):1469–1479. doi: 10.1007/s00431-020-03628-1Makker K, Ji Y, Hong X, Wang X. Antenatal and neonatal factors contributing to extra uterine growth failure (EUGR) among preterm infants in Boston Birth Cohort (BBC). J Perinatol. 2021;41(5): 1025–1032. doi: 10.1038/s41372-021-00948-4Makker K, Ji Y, Hong X, Wang X. Antenatal and neonatal factors contributing to extra uterine growth failure (EUGR) among preterm infants in Boston Birth Cohort (BBC). J Perinatol. 2021;41(5): 1025–1032. doi: 10.1038/s41372-021-00948-4Martinez-Jimenez MD, Gomez-Garcia FJ, Gil-Campos M, et al. Comorbidities in childhood associated with extrauterine growth restriction in preterm infants: a scoping review. Eur J Pediatr. 2020; 179(8):1255–1265. doi: 10.1007/s00431-020-03613-8Martinez-Jimenez MD, Gomez-Garcia FJ, Gil-Campos M, et al. Comorbidities in childhood associated with extrauterine growth restriction in preterm infants: a scoping review. Eur J Pediatr. 2020; 179(8):1255–1265. doi: 10.1007/s00431-020-03613-8Hiltunen H, Loyttyniemi E, Isolauri E, Rautava S. Early nutrition and growth until the corrected age of 2 years in extremely preterm infants. Neonatology. 2018;113(2):100–107. doi: 10.1159/000480633Hiltunen H, Loyttyniemi E, Isolauri E, Rautava S. Early nutrition and growth until the corrected age of 2 years in extremely preterm infants. Neonatology. 2018;113(2):100–107. doi: 10.1159/000480633Raaijmakers A, Jacobs L, Rayyan M, et al. Catch-up growth in the first two years of life in Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) infants is associated with lower body fat in young adolescence. PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0173349. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173349Raaijmakers A, Jacobs L, Rayyan M, et al. Catch-up growth in the first two years of life in Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) infants is associated with lower body fat in young adolescence. PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0173349. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173349Embleton N, Korada M, Wood CL, et al. Catch-up growth and metabolic outcomes in adolescents born preterm. Arch Dis Child. 2016;101(11):1026–1031. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-310190Embleton N, Korada M, Wood CL, et al. Catch-up growth and metabolic outcomes in adolescents born preterm. Arch Dis Child. 2016;101(11):1026–1031. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-310190Teller IC, Embleton ND, Griffin IJ, et al. Post-discharge formula feeding in preterm infants: A systematic review mapping evidence about the role of macronutrient enrichment. Clin Nutr. 2016;35(4):791–801. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.08.006Teller IC, Embleton ND, Griffin IJ, et al. Post-discharge formula feeding in preterm infants: A systematic review mapping evidence about the role of macronutrient enrichment. Clin Nutr. 2016;35(4):791–801. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.08.006Peila C, Spada E, Giuliani F, et al. Extrauterine Growth Restriction: Definitions and Predictability of Outcomes in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants or Preterm Neonates. Nutrients. 2020 Apr 26; 12(5):1224. doi: 10.3390/nu12051224.Peila C, Spada E, Giuliani F, et al. Extrauterine Growth Restriction: Definitions and Predictability of Outcomes in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants or Preterm Neonates. Nutrients. 2020 Apr 26; 12(5):1224. doi: 10.3390/nu12051224.Wiechers C; Bernhard W, Goelz R, et al. Optimizing Early Neonatal Nutrition and Dietary Pattern in Premature Infants. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(14):7544. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147544Wiechers C; Bernhard W, Goelz R, et al. Optimizing Early Neonatal Nutrition and Dietary Pattern in Premature Infants. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(14):7544. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147544Stocker JT, Dehner LP, Husain AN. Means and standard deviations of weights and measurements of lifeborn infants by body weight (Appendix 28–29). In: Stocker & Dehner’s Pediatric Pathology. Stocker JT, Dehner LP, eds. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Lippinkott Williams &Wilkins; 2002.Stocker JT, Dehner LP, Husain AN. Means and standard deviations of weights and measurements of lifeborn infants by body weight (Appendix 28–29). In: Stocker & Dehner’s Pediatric Pathology. Stocker JT, Dehner LP, eds. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Lippinkott Williams &Wilkins; 2002.Fabrizio V, Trzaski JM, Brownell EA, et al. Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving human milk. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020; 11(11):CD013465. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013465.pub2Fabrizio V, Trzaski JM, Brownell EA, et al. Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving human milk. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020; 11(11):CD013465. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013465.pub2Ruys CA, van de Lagemaat M, Rotteveel J, et al. Improving long-term health outcomes of preterm infants: how to implement the findings of nutritional intervention studies into daily clinical practice. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180(6):1665–1673. doi: 10.1007/s00431-021-03950-2Ruys CA, van de Lagemaat M, Rotteveel J, et al. Improving long-term health outcomes of preterm infants: how to implement the findings of nutritional intervention studies into daily clinical practice. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180(6):1665–1673. doi: 10.1007/s00431-021-03950-2Ahnfeldt AM, Stanchev H, Jørgensen HL, et al. Age and weight at final discharge from an early discharge programme for stable but tube-fed preterm infants. Acta Paediatr. 2015;104(4):377–383. doi: 10.1111/apa.12917Ahnfeldt AM, Stanchev H, Jørgensen HL, et al. Age and weight at final discharge from an early discharge programme for stable but tube-fed preterm infants. Acta Paediatr. 2015;104(4):377–383. doi: 10.1111/apa.12917Wilson E, Bonamy A-KE, Bonet M, et al. The EPICE Research Group. Room for improvement in breast milk feeding after very preterm birth in Europe: Results from the EPICE cohort. Matern Child Nutr. 2017;14(1):e12485. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12485Wilson E, Bonamy A-KE, Bonet M, et al. The EPICE Research Group. Room for improvement in breast milk feeding after very preterm birth in Europe: Results from the EPICE cohort. Matern Child Nutr. 2017;14(1):e12485. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12485Agostoni C, Buonocore G, Carnielli VP, et al. Enteral nutrient supply for preterm infants: commentary from the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;50(1):85–91. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181adaee0Agostoni C, Buonocore G, Carnielli VP, et al. Enteral nutrient supply for preterm infants: commentary from the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;50(1):85–91. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181adaee0Young L, Embleton ND, McGuire W. Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;12(12):CD004696. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004696Young L, Embleton ND, McGuire W. Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;12(12):CD004696. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004696Guimarães H, Rocha G, Vasconcellos G, et al. Risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in five Portuguese neonatal intensive care units. Rev Port Pneumol. 2010;16(3):419–430. doi: 10.1016/s0873-2159(15)30039-8Guimarães H, Rocha G, Vasconcellos G, et al. Risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in five Portuguese neonatal intensive care units. Rev Port Pneumol. 2010;16(3):419–430. doi: 10.1016/s0873-2159(15)30039-8Bancalari E, Jain D. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: 50 Years after the Original Description. Neonatology. 2019;115(4):384–391. doi: 10.1159/000497422Bancalari E, Jain D. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: 50 Years after the Original Description. Neonatology. 2019;115(4):384–391. doi: 10.1159/000497422Milanesi BG, Lima PA, Villela LD, et al. Assessment of early nutritional intake in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A cohort study. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180(5):1423–1430. doi: 10.1007/s00431-020-03912-0Milanesi BG, Lima PA, Villela LD, et al. Assessment of early nutritional intake in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A cohort study. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180(5):1423–1430. doi: 10.1007/s00431-020-03912-0Uberos J, Lardón-Fernández M, Machado-Casas I, et al. Nutrition in extremely low birth weight infants: Impact on bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Minerva Paediatr. 2016;68(6):419–426.Uberos J, Lardón-Fernández M, Machado-Casas I, et al. Nutrition in extremely low birth weight infants: Impact on bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Minerva Paediatr. 2016;68(6):419–426.Bott L, Béghin L, Devos P, et al. Nutritional Status at 2 Years in Former Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Influences Nutrition and Pulmonary Outcomes During Childhood. Pediatr Res. 2006;60(3):340–344. doi: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000232793.90186.caBott L, Béghin L, Devos P, et al. Nutritional Status at 2 Years in Former Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Influences Nutrition and Pulmonary Outcomes During Childhood. Pediatr Res. 2006;60(3):340–344. doi: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000232793.90186.caGianni ML, Roggero P, Colnaghi MR, et al. The role of nutrition in promoting growth in pre-term infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A prospective non-randomised interventional cohort study. BMC Pediatr. 2014;14:235. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-235Gianni ML, Roggero P, Colnaghi MR, et al. The role of nutrition in promoting growth in pre-term infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A prospective non-randomised interventional cohort study. BMC Pediatr. 2014;14:235. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-235Barrington KJ, Fortin-Pellerin E, Pennaforte T. Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2(2):CD005389. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005389.pub2Barrington KJ, Fortin-Pellerin E, Pennaforte T. Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2(2):CD005389. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005389.pub2Mangili G, Garzoli E, Sadou Y. Feeding dysfunctions and failure to thrive in neonates with congenital heart diseases. Pediatr Med Chir. 2018;40(1). doi: 10.4081/pmc.2018.196Mangili G, Garzoli E, Sadou Y. Feeding dysfunctions and failure to thrive in neonates with congenital heart diseases. Pediatr Med Chir. 2018;40(1). doi: 10.4081/pmc.2018.196Jadcherla S. Dysphagia in the high-risk infant: potential factors and mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103(2):622S–628S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.110106Jadcherla S. Dysphagia in the high-risk infant: potential factors and mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103(2):622S–628S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.110106Baillat M, Pauly V, Dagau G, et al. Association of First-Week Nutrient Intake and Extrauterine Growth Restriction in Moderately Preterm Infants: A Regional Population-Based Study. Nutrients. 2021;13(1):227. doi: 10.3390/nu13010227Baillat M, Pauly V, Dagau G, et al. Association of First-Week Nutrient Intake and Extrauterine Growth Restriction in Moderately Preterm Infants: A Regional Population-Based Study. Nutrients. 2021;13(1):227. doi: 10.3390/nu13010227Roggero P, Liotto N, Menis C, Mosca F. New Insights in Preterm Nutrition. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1857. doi: 10.3390/nu12061857Roggero P, Liotto N, Menis C, Mosca F. New Insights in Preterm Nutrition. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1857. doi: 10.3390/nu12061857EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, N.a.A.N. Scientific Opinion on the essential composition of infant and follow-on formulae. EFSA J. 2014;12(7):3760. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3760EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, N.a.A.N. Scientific Opinion on the essential composition of infant and follow-on formulae. EFSA J. 2014;12(7):3760. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3760Roggero P, Gianni ML, Amato O, et al. Growth and fat-free mass gain in preterm infants after discharge: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2012;130(5):e1215–e1221. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-1193Roggero P, Gianni ML, Amato O, et al. Growth and fat-free mass gain in preterm infants after discharge: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2012;130(5):e1215–e1221. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-1193Roggero P, Gianni ML, Liotto N, et al. Small for gestational age preterm infants: nutritional strategies and quality of growth after discharge. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011;24(Suppl. 1):144e6. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2011.607657Roggero P, Gianni ML, Liotto N, et al. Small for gestational age preterm infants: nutritional strategies and quality of growth after discharge. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011;24(Suppl. 1):144e6. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2011.607657Lin L, Amissah E, Gamble GD, et al. Impact of macronutrient supplements on later growth of children born preterm or small for gestational age: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and quasirandomised controlled trials. PLoS Med. 2020;17(5):e1003122. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003122Lin L, Amissah E, Gamble GD, et al. Impact of macronutrient supplements on later growth of children born preterm or small for gestational age: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and quasirandomised controlled trials. PLoS Med. 2020;17(5):e1003122. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003122Moon K, Rao SC, Schulzke SM, et al. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;12:CD000375. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000375.pub5Moon K, Rao SC, Schulzke SM, et al. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;12:CD000375. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000375.pub5Ilardi L, Proto A, Ceroni F, et al. Overview of Important Micronutrients Supplementation in Preterm Infants after Discharge: A Call for Consensus. Life (Basel). 2021;11(4):331. doi: 10.3390/life11040331Ilardi L, Proto A, Ceroni F, et al. Overview of Important Micronutrients Supplementation in Preterm Infants after Discharge: A Call for Consensus. Life (Basel). 2021;11(4):331. doi: 10.3390/life11040331Fernández R, Urbano J, Carrillo A, et al. Comparison of the effect of three different protein content enteral diets on serum levels of proteins, nitrogen balance, and energy expenditure in critically ill infants: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2019;20(1):585. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3686-8Fernández R, Urbano J, Carrillo A, et al. Comparison of the effect of three different protein content enteral diets on serum levels of proteins, nitrogen balance, and energy expenditure in critically ill infants: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2019;20(1):585. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3686-8Cui Y, Li L, Hu C, et al. Effects and Tolerance of Protein and Energy-Enriched Formula in Infants Following Congenital Heart Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2018;42(1):196–204. doi: 10.1002/jpen.1031Cui Y, Li L, Hu C, et al. Effects and Tolerance of Protein and Energy-Enriched Formula in Infants Following Congenital Heart Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2018;42(1):196–204. doi: 10.1002/jpen.1031Yu M-X, Zhuang S-Q, Gao X-Y, et al. Effects of a nutrient-dense formula compared with a post-discharge formula on post-discharge growth of preterm very low birth weight infants with extrauterine growth retardation: a multicentre randomised study in China. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2020;33(4):557–565. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12733Yu M-X, Zhuang S-Q, Gao X-Y, et al. Effects of a nutrient-dense formula compared with a post-discharge formula on post-discharge growth of preterm very low birth weight infants with extrauterine growth retardation: a multicentre randomised study in China. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2020;33(4):557–565. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12733Намазова-Баранова Л.С., Турти Т.В., Лукоянова О.Л. и др. Лечебное питание с применением специализированного детского молочного продукта для энтерального питания с повышенным содержанием белка и энергии у детей первого года жизни с белково-энергетической недостаточностью // Педиатрическая фармакология. — 2016. — Т. 13. — № 1. — С. 27–32. doi: 10.15690/pf.v13i1.1511NamazovaBaranova LS, Turti TV, Lukoyanova OL, et al. Clinical Nutrition Involving a Specialized Protein- and Calorie-Rich Pediatric Milk Product for Enteral Feeding of Infants with Protein-Calorie Deficiency. Pediatricheskaya farmakologiya — Pediatric pharmacology. 2016; 13(1):27–32. (In Russ). doi: 10.15690/pf.v13i1.1511

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.