vspВопросы современной педиатрииCurrent Pediatrics1682-55271682-5535Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/vsp.v12i4.727vsp-301Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWСОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ РАССТРОЙСТВ ПИЩЕВАРИТЕЛЬНОГО ТРАКТА У ДЕТЕЙ РАННЕГО ВОЗРАСТАCURRENT DATA ON DIGESTIVE FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS IN INFANTSДубровскаяМ. И.DubrovskayaM. I.

Dubrovskaya Mariya Igorevna, PhD, professor of the Department of Clinical Pediatrics № 1 of Pediatric Faculty

mariadubr@rambler.ruРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова, МоскваРоссияN.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, MoscowRussian Federation201312072013124Вопросы современной педиатрии2631Copyright © Дубровская М.И., 20132013Дубровская М.И.Dubrovskaya M.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/301

Приведены характеристики понятия, классификаций, этиологии и патогенеза наиболее часто встречающихся функциональных расстройств пищеварительного тракта у детей раннего возраста. Причины развития функциональных расстройств пищеварительного тракта тесно связаны с анатомо-физиологическими особенностями, ростом ребенка, постепенным созреванием нервной регуляции и моторной функции пищеварительного тракта и сфинктеров, его морфофункциональной незрелостью. Это, в сочетании с моторно-эвакуаторными нарушениями и поражением нервной системы (чаще гипоксического характера), в подавляющем большинстве случаев является причиной абдоминалгий и диспепсических расстройств. Проведение лечебно-профилактических мероприятий у детей раннего возраста, включающих в себя соблюдение режима питания, диетических рекомендаций, а также психологическую коррекцию детско-родительских отношений, позволяет предотвратить формирование хронической патологии пищеварительного тракта в старшем возрасте.

The article deals with the terminology, classification, etiology and pathogenesis of the most common digestive functional disorders in infants. The causes of digestive functional disorders are closely related to the anatomical and physiological peculiarities, child’s growth, gradual maturing of the neural regulation and motoric function of the digestive tract and the sphincters, as well as to its morpho-functional immaturity. Coupled with motor-evacuation dysfunction and neural disorders (mainly of the hypoxemic etiology) these factors lead to abdominalgia and dyspepsia. Appropriate treatment and prophylaxis in infants, including special diet regimens and recommendations, as well as psychological correction of children-parental relationships, allow to prevent development of chronic disorders of the digestive tract in future life.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.