vspВопросы современной педиатрииCurrent Pediatrics1682-55271682-5535Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/vsp.v21i6.2495vsp-3078Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWКлинические фенотипы недостаточности питания у детей раннего возраста: дифференцированная нутритивная коррекцияClinical Phenotypes of Malnutrition in Young Children: Differential Nutritional Correctionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8717-2539БеляеваИ. А.BelyaevaIrina A.

Беляева Ирина Анатольевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор Российской академии наук, заведующая отделом преконцепционной, антенатальной и неонатальной медицины; профессор кафедры факультетской педиатрии педиатрического факультета; врач-неонатолог.

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irinaneo@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-2914БомбардироваЕ. П.BombardirovaElena P.

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4348-9251ПриходькоЕ. А.PrihodkoEvgeniia A.

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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-0885КругляковА. Ю.KruglyakovAndrey Yu.

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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-6453МихееваА. А.MikheevaAnna A.

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0701-0274ЛаринаА. Р.LarinaArina R.

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НИИ педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей НКЦ №2 ФГБНУ «РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского»; РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова; Морозовская ДГКБ ДЗМРоссияResearch Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Morozovskaya Children’s City HospitalRussian FederationНИИ педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей НКЦ №2 ФГБНУ «РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского»РоссияResearch Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of SurgeryRussian FederationМорозовская ДГКБ ДЗМРоссияMorozovskaya Children’s City HospitalRussian FederationНИИ организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджментаРоссияResearch Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical ManagementRussian Federation202202012023216467478Copyright © Беляева И.А., Бомбардирова Е.П., Приходько Е.А., Кругляков А.Ю., Михеева А.А., Ларина А.Р., 20232023Беляева И.А., Бомбардирова Е.П., Приходько Е.А., Кругляков А.Ю., Михеева А.А., Ларина А.Р.Belyaeva I.A., Bombardirova E.P., Prihodko E.A., Kruglyakov A.Y., Mikheeva A.A., Larina A.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3078

В обзорной статье обобщены современные сведения об этиологии и патогенезе недостаточности питания у детей раннего возраста. Представлены актуальные требования к определению этого состояния, его диагностике и оценке степени тяжести с использованием информативных центильных шкал. Описаны характеристики наиболее распространенных клинических фенотипов недостаточности постнатального роста у младенцев — недоношенных различной степени зрелости, в том числе пациентов с бронхолегочной дисплазией, представлены дифференцированные подходы к нутритивной коррекции недостаточности питания у этих детей. В заключительном разделе статьи описаны особые нутритивные потребности у детей с врожденными пороками сердца в зависимости от характера и тяжести нарушений гемодинамики. Представлены современные нутритивные стратегии на этапе подготовки этих пациентов к оперативной коррекции и в послеоперационном периоде. Заслуживает внимания опыт использования высококалорийного/высокобелкового продукта для коррекции дефицита питания у наиболее уязвимых пациентов при описанных в обзоре фенотипах недостаточности питания.

This review article summarizes current data on malnutrition etiology and pathogenesis in infants. Topical requirements for revealing this condition, its diagnosis and severity assessment via centile metrics are presented. The characteristics of the most common clinical phenotypes of postnatal growth insufficiency in infants (premature infants with different degree of maturation, including patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia) are described. Differential approaches for malnutrition nutritional correction in these children are presented. The final section of the article describes special nutritional needs for children with congenital heart defects in terms of hemodynamic disorders nature and severity. Modern nutritional strategies for preparation of these patients to surgery and for their postoperative period are presented. The use of high-calorie/high-protein product for malnutrition correction in the most vulnerable patients with described in this review phenotypes is worth noticing.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.