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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы современной педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current Pediatrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-5527</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1682-5535</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vsp.v22i1.2507</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vsp-3116</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ предикторов в развитии патологии почек у детей раннего возраста: когортное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of Renal Pathology Predictors in Tender-Age Infants: Cohort Study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7958-6360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safina</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Валентиновна Сафина, соискатель ученой степени кандидата медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры детских болезней лечебно-профилактического факультета,</p><p>620028, Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evsafina84@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6909-1487</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотникова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotnikova</surname><given-names>Inga A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8897-6689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеленцова</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelentsova</surname><given-names>Vera L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3283-4582</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мышинская</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Myshinskaya</surname><given-names>Olga I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сафина Е.В., Плотникова И.А., Зеленцова В.Л., Мышинская О.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сафина Е.В., Плотникова И.А., Зеленцова В.Л., Мышинская О.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Safina E.V., Plotnikova I.A., Zelentsova V.L., Myshinskaya O.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3116">https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3116</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Раннее начало нефропатий создает риск развития ранней хронической болезни почек с потерей функции, особенно у детей с неблагополучным течением внутриутробного периода, с дисплазией почечной ткани, врожденными пороками развития и/или уродинамическими нарушениями.</p><p>Цель исследования — оценить влияние факторов онтогенеза на формирование нефропатий у детей раннего возраста с уточнением особенностей их течения и морфометрических параметров почек.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Проведено когортное исследование. В основную группу вошли 69 детей в возрасте от 0 до 36 мес, имеющие отклонения по результатам ультразвукового исследования (УЗИ) почек (от нормальных возрастных показателей) и/или мочевой синдром (лейкоцитурия, бактериурия, протеинурия и т.д.). Группу сравнения составили 35 условно здоровых детей того же возраста. В исследуемых группах детей проведены сравнительный анализ антеи постнатального анамнеза, а также сопоставление морфометрических показателей органов мочевой системы при неонатальном ультразвуковом скрининге. В группе детей с нефропатиями также рассмотрены сроки начала патологического процесса. Исследование проводилось в течение 2018–2021 гг.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У детей с ранним началом нефропатий возможными предикторами патологии являются: 1) заболевания матери: поражение органов мочевыделительной системы (ОШ = 4,99), патология крови — преимущественно анемия 2–3-й степени (ОШ = 6,94), заболевания сердечно-сосудистой системы (ОШ = 10,26), воспалительные заболевания генитального тракта (ОШ = 10,61); 2) патология беременности: гестационный сахарный диабет (ОШ = 7,24), преэклампсия и эклампсия беременных (ОШ = 4,40), патология плаценты (ОШ = 17,0) и развитие фетоплацентарной недостаточности (ОШ = 7,61); 3) особенности вскармливания: ранний перевод на заменители грудного молока (ОШ = 2,81). По данным УЗИ в этой группе уже в первые месяцы жизни у 50,7% детей регистрируются стойкие уродинамические нарушения, а также признаки отечности паренхимы почек. Показано, что манифестация воспалительного процесса на фоне отягощенного перинатального анамнеза и врожденных пороков происходит достоверно раньше — в 2 мес, а без пороков — в 4 мес (р = 0,004).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Отягощенный антенатальный и неонатальный анамнез оказывает негативное влияние на морфогенез органов мочевой системы, создавая условия для раннего формирования нефропатий уже в первые месяцы жизни. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The early onset of nephropathies creates certain risk of early chronic kidney disease development with loss of function (especially in children with unfavorable intrauterine period), renal tissue dysplasia, congenital malformations and/or urodynamic disorders.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of ontogenesis factors in nephropathies development in tender-age infants with specification of the course features and kidneys morphometric parameters.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Cohort study was conducted. The study group included 69 children aged from 0 to 36 months with changes in the kidneys (compared to age-specific ones) according to ultrasound and/or urinary syndrome (leukocyturia, bacteriuria, proteinuria, etc.). The control group included 35 relatively healthy children of the same age. Comparative analysis of antenatal and postnatal medical history was carried out in both groups, as well as comparison of morphometric indicators of the urinary system organs at neonatal ultrasound screening. Pathological process onset was also considered in the group of children with nephropathies. The study was conducted during 2018–2021.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Possible predictors of pathology process in children with early onset of nephropathies are: 1) maternal diseases: urinary system disorders (OR = 4.99), blood pathology, mainly anemia of the 2nd–3rd grade (OR = 6.94), cardiovascular system diseases (OR = 10.26), inflammatory diseases of genital tract (OR = 10.61); 2) pregnancy failures: gestational diabetes mellitus (OR = 7.24), preeclampsia and eclampsia (OR = 4.40); placental pathology (OR = 17.0), and fetoplacental insufficiency (OR = 7.61); 3) feeding features: early conversion to breast-milk substitutes (OR = 2.81). 50.7% of children of this group has shown persistent urodynamic disorders already at first months of life according to ultrasound data, as well as signs of bloated kidneys. It was shown that the inflammatory process manifestation associated with aggravated perinatal history and congenital defects occurs significantly earlier — 2 months, and without any defects — 4 months (p = 0.004).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Burdened antenatal and neonatal medical history has negative effect on the morphogenesis of the urinary system organs and creates conditions for early nephropathies development during the first months of life. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нефропатии</kwd><kwd>пиелонефрит</kwd><kwd>тубулоинтерстициальный нефрит</kwd><kwd>дети раннего возраста</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nephropathy</kwd><kwd>pyelonephritis</kwd><kwd>tubulo-interstitial nephritis</kwd><kwd>tender-age infants</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение в России. 2021: статистический сборник / Росстат. — М.; 2021. — 171 с. Доступно по: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Zdravoohran-2021.pdf. 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