<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы современной педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current Pediatrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-5527</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1682-5535</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vsp.v22i5.2638</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vsp-3297</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вопросы терапии и профилактики инфекционных осложнений атопического дерматита у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Management and Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis Infectious Complications in Children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4107-4642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Епишев</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Epishev</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Епишев Роман Владимирович - кандидат медицинских наук, врач-дерматовенеролог отделения дерматологии и аллергологии НИИ детской дерматологии ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p><p>119991, Москва, Ломоносовский пр-т, д. 2, стр. 1,  тел.: +7 (499) 134-09-15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drepishev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6034-8231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Материкин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Materikin</surname><given-names>Alexander I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0858-8780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Опрятин</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Opryatin</surname><given-names>Leonid A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-0981</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Roman A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-0941</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonova</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6884-5171</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савелова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savelova</surname><given-names>Alena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НМИЦ здоровья детей</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>374</fpage><lpage>381</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Епишев Р.В., Материкин А.И., Опрятин Л.А., Иванов Р.А., Леонова М.А., Савелова А.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Епишев Р.В., Материкин А.И., Опрятин Л.А., Иванов Р.А., Леонова М.А., Савелова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Epishev R.V., Materikin A.I., Opryatin L.A., Ivanov R.A., Leonova M.A., Savelova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3297">https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3297</self-uri><abstract><p>Атопический дерматит (АтД) — хроническое воспалительное заболевание кожи, осложняющееся повышенным риском кожных и системных инфекций. Профилактическая терапия АтД основана на улучшении кожного барьера и противовоспалительных методах лечения, в то время как тяжелые кожные и системные инфекции требуют назначения системной терапии. В данном обзоре представлены патофизиология и возможные методы лечения и профилактики инфекционных осложнений АтД.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with high risk of skin and systemic infections. Preventive AD therapy is based on skin barrier improvement and anti-inflammatory treatment, whereas, severe skin and systemic infections require systemic therapy. This review describes pathophysiology and possible treatment and prevention methods for AD infectious complications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атопический дерматит</kwd><kwd>вторичное инфицирование</kwd><kwd>микробиом</kwd><kwd>Staphylococcus aureus</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atopic dermatitis</kwd><kwd>secondary infection</kwd><kwd>microbiome</kwd><kwd>Staphylococcus aureus</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья опубликована при финансовой поддержке ООО «Пьер Фабр»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was published with the financial support of Pierre Fabre LLC</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Langan SM, Irvine AD, Weidinger S. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet. 2020;396(10247):345–360. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S01406736(20)31286-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Langan SM, Irvine AD, Weidinger S. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet. 2020;396(10247):345–360. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S01406736(20)31286-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Емельяшенков Е.Е., Свиридова Т.В., Мурашкин Н.Н. и др. Психологическая готовность родителей детей раннего возраста с атопическим дерматитом к выполнению рекомендаций врачей // Российский педиатрический журнал. — 2023. — Т. 26. — № 1. — С. 46–53. — doi: https://doi.org/10.46563/1560-95612023-26-1-46-53</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emelyashenkov EE, Sviridova TV, Murashkin NN, et al. Psychological readiness of parents of young children with atopic dermatitis to implement medical recommendations. Russian Pediatric Journal. 2023;26(1):46–53. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.46563/1560-9561-2023-26-1-46-53</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ali F, Vyas J, Finlay AY. Counting the Burden: Atopic Dermatitis and Health-related Quality of Life. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020;100(12): adv00161. doi: https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-3511</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ali F, Vyas J, Finlay AY. Counting the Burden: Atopic Dermatitis and Health-related Quality of Life. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020;100(12): adv00161. doi: https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-3511</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edslev SM, Agner T, Andersen PS. Skin Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020;100(12):adv00164. doi: https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-3514</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edslev SM, Agner T, Andersen PS. Skin Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020;100(12):adv00164. doi: https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-3514</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Narla S, Silverberg JI. Association between atopic dermatitis and serious cutaneous, multiorgan, and systemic infections in US adults. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018;120(1):66–72.e11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2017.10.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Narla S, Silverberg JI. Association between atopic dermatitis and serious cutaneous, multiorgan, and systemic infections in US adults. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018;120(1):66–72.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2017.10.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang V, Keefer M, Ong PY. Antibiotic choice and methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus rate in children hospitalized for atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2019;122(3):314–317. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2018.12.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang V, Keefer M, Ong PY. Antibiotic choice and methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus rate in children hospitalized for atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2019;122(3):314–317. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2018.12.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nutten S. Atopic dermatitis: global epidemiology and risk factors. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66 Suppl 1:8–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000370220</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nutten S. Atopic dermatitis: global epidemiology and risk factors. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66 Suppl 1:8–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000370220</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weidinger S, Beck LA, Bieber T, et al. Atopic dermatitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4(1):1. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-018-0001-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weidinger S, Beck LA, Bieber T, et al. Atopic dermatitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4(1):1. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-018-0001-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsakok T, Woolf R, Smith CH, et al. Atopic dermatitis: the skin barrier and beyond. Br J Dermatol. 2019;180(3):464–474. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.16934</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsakok T, Woolf R, Smith CH, et al. Atopic dermatitis: the skin barrier and beyond. Br J Dermatol. 2019;180(3):464–474. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.16934</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kapur S, Watson W, Carr S. Atopic dermatitis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2018;14(Suppl 2):52. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-018-0281-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kapur S, Watson W, Carr S. Atopic dermatitis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2018;14(Suppl 2):52. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-018-0281-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elias PM, Sugarman J. Does moisturizing the skin equate with barrier repair therapy? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018;121(6) 653–656.e2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2018.07.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elias PM, Sugarman J. Does moisturizing the skin equate with barrier repair therapy? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018;121(6) 653–656.e2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2018.07.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wollenberg A, Barbarot S, Bieber T, et al. Consensus-based European guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in adults and children: part I. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018; 32(5):657–682. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.14891</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wollenberg A, Barbarot S, Bieber T, et al. Consensus-based European guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in adults and children: part I. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018; 32(5):657–682. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.14891</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ong PY, Leung DY. Bacterial and viral infections in atopic dermatitis: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2016;51(3): 329–337. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-016-8548-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ong PY, Leung DY. Bacterial and viral infections in atopic dermatitis: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2016;51(3): 329–337. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-016-8548-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paller AS, Kong HH, Seed P, et al. The microbiome in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;143(1):26–35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paller AS, Kong HH, Seed P, et al. The microbiome in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;143(1):26–35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rippke F, Schreiner V, Doering T, Maibach HI. Stratum corneum pH in atopic dermatitis: impact on skin barrier function and colonization with Staphylococcus aureus. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2004;5(4):217–223. doi: https://doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200405040-00002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rippke F, Schreiner V, Doering T, Maibach HI. Stratum corneum pH in atopic dermatitis: impact on skin barrier function and colonization with Staphylococcus aureus. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2004;5(4):217–223. doi: https://doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200405040-00002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smieszek SP, Welsh S, Xiao C, et al. Correlation of age-of-onset of atopic dermatitis with filaggrin loss-of-function variant status. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):2721. doi: https://doi.org/1010.1038/s41598-020-59627-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smieszek SP, Welsh S, Xiao C, et al. Correlation of age-of-onset of atopic dermatitis with filaggrin loss-of-function variant status. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):2721. doi: https://doi.org/1010.1038/s41598-020-59627-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berdyshev E, Goleva E, Bronova I, et al. Lipid abnormalities in atopic skin are driven by type 2 cytokines. JCI Insight. 2018;3(4):e98006. doi: https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.98006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berdyshev E, Goleva E, Bronova I, et al. Lipid abnormalities in atopic skin are driven by type 2 cytokines. JCI Insight. 2018;3(4):e98006. doi: https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.98006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malik K, Heitmiller KD, Czarnowicki T. An update on the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis. Dermatol Clin. 2017;35(3): 317–326. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2017.02.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malik K, Heitmiller KD, Czarnowicki T. An update on the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis. Dermatol Clin. 2017;35(3): 317–326. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2017.02.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stier MT, Peebles RS Jr. Innate lymphoid cells and allergic disease. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017;119(6):480–488. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.290</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stier MT, Peebles RS Jr. Innate lymphoid cells and allergic disease. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017;119(6):480–488. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.290</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мурашкин Н.Н., Епишев Р.В., Фёдоров Д.В. и др. Синдром чувствительной кожи при атопическом дерматите у детей: особенности патогенеза и терапевтической тактики // Вопросы современной педиатрии. — 2019. — Т. 18. — № 4. — С. 285–293. — doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v18i4.2046</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murashkin NN, Epishev RV, Fedorov DV, et al. Sensitive Skin Syndrome in Children with Atopic Dermatitis: Pathogenesis and Management Features. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2019;18(4):285–293. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v18i4.2046</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ong PY, Ohtake T, Brandt C, et al. Endogenous antimicrobial peptides and skin infections in atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347(15):1151–1160. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa021481</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ong PY, Ohtake T, Brandt C, et al. Endogenous antimicrobial peptides and skin infections in atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347(15):1151–1160. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa021481</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ryffel B, Alves-Filho JC. ILC2s and basophils team up to orchestrate IL-33-induced atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 2019;139(10): 2077–2079. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.118</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryffel B, Alves-Filho JC. ILC2s and basophils team up to orchestrate IL-33-induced atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 2019;139(10): 2077–2079. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.118</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leyva-Castillo JM, Galand C, Mashiko S, et al. ILC2 activation by keratinocyte-derived IL-25 drives IL-13 production at sites of allergic skin inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;145(6):1606–1614.e4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.02.026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leyva-Castillo JM, Galand C, Mashiko S, et al. ILC2 activation by keratinocyte-derived IL-25 drives IL-13 production at sites of allergic skin inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;145(6):1606–1614.e4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.02.026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iwamoto K, Nümm TJ, Koch S, et al. Langerhans and inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells in atopic dermatitis are tolerized toward TLR2 activation. Allergy. 2018;73(11):2205–2213. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13460</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iwamoto K, Nümm TJ, Koch S, et al. Langerhans and inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells in atopic dermatitis are tolerized toward TLR2 activation. Allergy. 2018;73(11):2205–2213. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13460</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mack MR, Brestoff JR, Berrien-Elliott MM, et al. Blood natural killer cell deficiency reveals an immunotherapy strategy for atopic dermatitis. Sci Transl Med. 2020;12(532):eaay1005. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aay1005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mack MR, Brestoff JR, Berrien-Elliott MM, et al. Blood natural killer cell deficiency reveals an immunotherapy strategy for atopic dermatitis. Sci Transl Med. 2020;12(532):eaay1005. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aay1005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мурашкин Н.Н., Савелова А.А., Иванов Р.А. и др. Современные представления о роли эпидермального барьера в развитии атопического фенотипа у детей // Вопросы современной педиатрии. — 2019. — Т. 18. — № 5. — С. 386–392. —</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murashkin NN, Savelova AA, Ivanov RA, et al. Modern View on the Role of Epidermal Barrier in Atopic Phenotype Development in Children. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2019;18(5):386–392. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v18i5.2064</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baker BS, Ovigne JM, Powles AV, et al. Normal keratinocytes express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1, 2 and 5: modulation of TLR expression in chronic plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2003;148(4):670–679. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05287.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baker BS, Ovigne JM, Powles AV, et al. Normal keratinocytes express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1, 2 and 5: modulation of TLR expression in chronic plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2003;148(4):670–679. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05287.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pivarcsi A, Bodai L, Rethi B, et al. Expression and function of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in human keratinocytes. Int Immunol. 2003;15(6):721–730. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxg068</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pivarcsi A, Bodai L, Rethi B, et al. Expression and function of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in human keratinocytes. Int Immunol. 2003;15(6):721–730. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxg068</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mempel M, Voelcker V, Kollisch G, et al. Toll-like receptor expression in human keratinocytes: nuclear factor kappaB controlled gene activation by Staphylococcus aureus is toll-like receptor 2 but not tolllike receptor 4 or platelet activating factor receptor dependent. J Invest Dermatol. 2003;121(6):1389–1396. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1747.2003.12630.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mempel M, Voelcker V, Kollisch G, et al. Toll-like receptor expression in human keratinocytes: nuclear factor kappaB controlled gene activation by Staphylococcus aureus is toll-like receptor 2 but not tolllike receptor 4 or platelet activating factor receptor dependent. J Invest Dermatol. 2003;121(6):1389–1396. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1747.2003.12630.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen K, Huang J, Gong W, et al. Toll-like receptors in inflammation, infection and cancer. Int Immunopharmacol. 2007;7(10):1271–1285. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2007.05.016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen K, Huang J, Gong W, et al. Toll-like receptors in inflammation, infection and cancer. Int Immunopharmacol. 2007;7(10):1271–1285. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2007.05.016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao N, Kumar A, Jyot J, Yu FS. Flagellin-induced corneal antimicrobial peptide production and wound repair involve a novel NF-kappaB-independent and EGFR-dependent pathway. PLoS One. 2010;5(2): e9351. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009351</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao N, Kumar A, Jyot J, Yu FS. Flagellin-induced corneal antimicrobial peptide production and wound repair involve a novel NF-kappaBindependent and EGFR-dependent pathway. PLoS One. 2010;5(2): e9351. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009351</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leifer CA, McConkey C, Li S, et al. Linking genetic variation in human Toll-like receptor 5 genes to the gut microbiome’s potential to cause inflammation. Immunol Lett. 2014;162(2 Pt A):3–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2014.07.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leifer CA, McConkey C, Li S, et al. Linking genetic variation in human Toll-like receptor 5 genes to the gut microbiome’s potential to cause inflammation. Immunol Lett. 2014;162(2 Pt A):3–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2014.07.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kondo Y, Higa-Nakamine S, Noguchi N, et al. Induction of epithelialmesenchymal transition by flagellin in cultured lung epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2012;303(12):L1057–L1069. doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00096.2012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kondo Y, Higa-Nakamine S, Noguchi N, et al. Induction of epithelialmesenchymal transition by flagellin in cultured lung epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2012;303(12):L1057–L1069. doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00096.2012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koh LF, Ong RY, Common JE. Skin microbiome of atopic dermatitis. Allergol Int. 2022;71(1):31–39. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2021.11.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koh LF, Ong RY, Common JE. Skin microbiome of atopic dermatitis. Allergol Int. 2022;71(1):31–39. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2021.11.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fyhrquist N, Muirhead G, Prast-Nielsen S, et al. Microbe-host interplay in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1): 4703. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12253-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fyhrquist N, Muirhead G, Prast-Nielsen S, et al. Microbe-host interplay in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1): 4703. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12253-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim J, Kim BE, Ahn K, Leung DYM. Interactions between atopic dermatitis and Staphylococcus aureus infection: clinical implications. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2019;11(5):593–603. doi: https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2019.11.5.593</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim J, Kim BE, Ahn K, Leung DYM. Interactions between atopic dermatitis and Staphylococcus aureus infection: clinical implications. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2019;11(5):593–603. doi: https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2019.11.5.593</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orfali RL, Yoshikawa FSY, Oliveira LMDS, et al. Staphylococcal enterotoxins modulate the effector CD4+ T cell response by reshaping the gene expression profile in adults with atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):13082. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49421-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orfali RL, Yoshikawa FSY, Oliveira LMDS, et al. Staphylococcal enterotoxins modulate the effector CD4+ T cell response by reshaping the gene expression profile in adults with atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):13082. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49421-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orfali RL, da Silva Oliveira LM, de Lima JF, et al. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins modulate IL-22-secreting cells in adults with atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):6665. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25125-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orfali RL, da Silva Oliveira LM, de Lima JF, et al. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins modulate IL-22-secreting cells in adults with atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):6665. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25125-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leistner R, Hanitsch LG, Krüger R, et al. Skin Infections Due to Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Producing S. Aureus. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2022;119(45):775–784. doi: https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0308</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leistner R, Hanitsch LG, Krüger R, et al. Skin Infections Due to Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Producing S. Aureus. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2022;119(45):775–784. doi: https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0308</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мурашкин Н.Н., Епишев Р.В., Материкин А.И. и др. Механизмы формирования и возможности терапевтической коррекции стероидрезистентности у пациентов с атопическим дерматитом // Вопросы современной педиатрии. — 2021. — Т. 20. — № 5. — С. 370–375. — doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v20i5.2309</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murashkin NN, Epishev RV, Materikin AI, et al. Mechanisms of Development and Variants of Therapeutic Management of Steroid Resistance in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2021;20(5):370–375. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v20i5.2309</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakatsuji T, Gallo RL. The role of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2019;122(3):263–269. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2018.12.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakatsuji T, Gallo RL. The role of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2019;122(3):263–269. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2018.12.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerber JS, Coffin SE, Smathers SA, Zaoutis TE. Trends in the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in children’s hospitals in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(1): 65–71. doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/599348</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerber JS, Coffin SE, Smathers SA, Zaoutis TE. Trends in the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in children’s hospitals in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(1): 65–71. doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/599348</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Francis NA, Ridd MJ, Thomas-Jones E, et al. Oral and topical antibiotics for clinically infected eczema in children: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in ambulatory care. Ann Fam Med. 2017;15(2):124–130. doi: https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2038</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Francis NA, Ridd MJ, Thomas-Jones E, et al. Oral and topical antibiotics for clinically infected eczema in children: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in ambulatory care. Ann Fam Med. 2017;15(2):124–130. doi: https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2038</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">George SM, Karanovic S, Harrison DA, et al. Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;2019(10):CD003871. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003871.pub3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">George SM, Karanovic S, Harrison DA, et al. Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;2019(10):CD003871. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003871.pub3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harkins CP, Holden MTG, Irvine AD. Antimicrobial resistance in atopic dermatitis: need for an urgent rethink. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2019;122(3):236–240. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2018.11.027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harkins CP, Holden MTG, Irvine AD. Antimicrobial resistance in atopic dermatitis: need for an urgent rethink. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2019;122(3):236–240. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2018.11.027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexander H, Paller AS, Traidl-Hoffmann C, et al. The role of bacterial skin infections in atopic dermatitis: expert statement and review from the International Eczema Council Skin Infection Group. Br J Dermatol. 2020;182(6):1331–1342. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18643</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexander H, Paller AS, Traidl-Hoffmann C, et al. The role of bacterial skin infections in atopic dermatitis: expert statement and review from the International Eczema Council Skin Infection Group. Br J Dermatol. 2020;182(6):1331–1342. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18643</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Red Book: 2018 Report of the Committee of Infectious Diseases. Kimberlin D, Brady M, Jackson M, Long S, eds. Itasca, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Red Book: 2018 Report of the Committee of Infectious Diseases. Kimberlin D, Brady M, Jackson M, Long S, eds. Itasca, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu C, Bayer A, Cosgrove SE, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Disease Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children: executive summary. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(3):285–292. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir034</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu C, Bayer A, Cosgrove SE, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Disease Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children: executive summary. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(3):285–292. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir034</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo Y, Song G, Sun M, et al. Prevalence and Therapies of Antibiotic-Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:107. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00107</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo Y, Song G, Sun M, et al. Prevalence and Therapies of AntibioticResistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:107. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00107</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rose W, Fantl M, Geriak M, et al. Current Paradigms of Combination Therapy in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Bacteremia: Does it Work, Which Combination, and For Which Patients? Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(12):2353–2360. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab452</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rose W, Fantl M, Geriak M, et al. Current Paradigms of Combination Therapy in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Bacteremia: Does it Work, Which Combination, and For Which Patients? Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(12):2353–2360. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab452</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sutter DE, Milburn E, Chukwuma U, et al. Changing susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in a US pediatric population. Pediatrics. 2016; 137(4):e20153099. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-3099</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutter DE, Milburn E, Chukwuma U, et al. Changing susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in a US pediatric population. Pediatrics. 2016; 137(4):e20153099. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-3099</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rangel SM, Paller AS. Bacterial colonization, overgrowth, and superinfection in atopic dermatitis. Clin Dermatol. 2018;36(5): 641–647. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.05.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rangel SM, Paller AS. Bacterial colonization, overgrowth, and superinfection in atopic dermatitis. Clin Dermatol. 2018;36(5): 641–647. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.05.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ashbaugh AG, Kwatra SG. Atopic Dermatitis Disease Complications. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1027:47–55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64804-0_5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ashbaugh AG, Kwatra SG. Atopic Dermatitis Disease Complications. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1027:47–55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64804-0_5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lyons JJ, Milner JD, Stone KD. Atopic dermatitis in children: clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2015;35(1):161–183. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2014.09.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyons JJ, Milner JD, Stone KD. Atopic dermatitis in children: clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2015;35(1):161–183. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2014.09.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boguniewicz M, Fonacier L, Guttman-Yassky E, et al. Atopic dermatitis yardstick: practical recommendations for an evolving therapeutic landscape. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018;120(1): 10–22.e2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2017.10.039</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boguniewicz M, Fonacier L, Guttman-Yassky E, et al. Atopic dermatitis yardstick: practical recommendations for an evolving therapeutic landscape. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018;120(1): 10–22.e2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2017.10.039</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woods MT, Brown PA, Baig-Lewis SF, Simpson EL. Effects of a novel formulation of fluocinonide 0.1% cream on skin barrier function in atopic dermatitis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2011;10(2):171–176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woods MT, Brown PA, Baig-Lewis SF, Simpson EL. Effects of a novel formulation of fluocinonide 0.1% cream on skin barrier function in atopic dermatitis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2011;10(2):171–176.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dähnhardt-Pfeiffer S, Dähnhardt D, Buchner M, et al. Comparison of effects of tacrolimus ointment and mometasone furoate cream on the epidermal barrier of patients with atopic dermatitis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2013;11(5):437–443. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.12074</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dähnhardt-Pfeiffer S, Dähnhardt D, Buchner M, et al. Comparison of effects of tacrolimus ointment and mometasone furoate cream on the epidermal barrier of patients with atopic dermatitis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2013;11(5):437–443. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.12074</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jensen JM, Weppner M, Dähnhardt-Pfeiffer S, et al. Effects of pimecrolimus compared with triamcinolone acetonide cream on skin barrier structure in atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, right-left arm trial. Acta Derm Venereol. 2013;93(5):515–519. doi: https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-1533</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jensen JM, Weppner M, Dähnhardt-Pfeiffer S, et al. Effects of pimecrolimus compared with triamcinolone acetonide cream on skin barrier structure in atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, right-left arm trial. Acta Derm Venereol. 2013;93(5):515–519. doi: https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-1533</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hung SH, Lin YT, Chu CY, et al. Staphylococcus colonization in atopic dermatitis treated with fluticasone or tacrolimus with or without antibiotics. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007;98(1):51–56. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60859-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hung SH, Lin YT, Chu CY, et al. Staphylococcus colonization in atopic dermatitis treated with fluticasone or tacrolimus with or without antibiotics. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007;98(1):51–56. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60859-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gong JQ, Lin L, Lin T, et al. Skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in patients with eczema and atopic dermatitis and relevant combined topical therapy: a double-blind multicentre randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155(4):680–687. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07410.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gong JQ, Lin L, Lin T, et al. Skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in patients with eczema and atopic dermatitis and relevant combined topical therapy: a double-blind multicentre randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155(4):680–687. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07410.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonzalez ME, Schaffer JV, Orlow SJ, et al. Cutaneous microbiome effects of fluticasone propionate cream and adjunctive bleach baths in childhood atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;75(3): 481–493.e853. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2016.04.066</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonzalez ME, Schaffer JV, Orlow SJ, et al. Cutaneous microbiome effects of fluticasone propionate cream and adjunctive bleach baths in childhood atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;75(3): 481–493.e853. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2016.04.066</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crellin NK, Garcia RV, Hadisfar O, et al. Human CD4+ T cells express TLR5 and its ligand flagellin enhances the suppressive capacity and expression of FOXP3 in CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells. J Immunol. 2005;175(12):8051–8059. doi: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.175.12.8051</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crellin NK, Garcia RV, Hadisfar O, et al. Human CD4+ T cells express TLR5 and its ligand flagellin enhances the suppressive capacity and expression of FOXP3 in CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells. J Immunol. 2005;175(12):8051–8059. doi: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.175.12.8051</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aries MF, Hernandez-Pigeon H, Vaissière C, et al. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Aquaphilus dolomiae extract on in vitro models. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2016;9:421–434. doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S113180</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aries MF, Hernandez-Pigeon H, Vaissière C, et al. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Aquaphilus dolomiae extract on in vitro models. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2016;9:421–434. doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S113180</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noizet M, Bianchi P, Galliano MF, et al. Broad spectrum repairing properties of an extract of Aquaphilus dolomiae on in vitro and ex vivo models of injured skin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34 Suppl 5: 37–42. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16477</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Noizet M, Bianchi P, Galliano MF, et al. Broad spectrum repairing properties of an extract of Aquaphilus dolomiae on in vitro and ex vivo models of injured skin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34 Suppl 5: 37–42. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16477</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin H, Laborel-Préneron E, Fraysse F, et al. Aquaphilus dolomiae extract counteracts the effects of cutaneous S. aureus secretome isolated from atopic children on CD4+ T cell activation. Pharm Biol. 2016;54(11):2782–2785. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2016.1173069</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martin H, Laborel-Préneron E, Fraysse F, et al. Aquaphilus dolomiae extract counteracts the effects of cutaneous S. aureus secretome isolated from atopic children on CD4+ T cell activation. Pharm Biol. 2016;54(11):2782–2785. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2016.1173069</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee SE, Jeong SK, Lee SH. Protease and protease-activated receptor-2 signaling in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Yonsei Med J. 2010;51(6):808–822. doi: https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2010.51.6.808</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee SE, Jeong SK, Lee SH. Protease and protease-activated receptor-2 signaling in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Yonsei Med J. 2010;51(6):808–822. doi: https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2010.51.6.808</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguyen T, Castex-Rizzi N, Redoules D. Immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory, anti-pruritus and tolerogenic activities induced by I-modulia, an Aquaphilus dolomiae culture extract, in atopic dermatitis pharmacology models. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2017;144(Suppl 1): S42–S49. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0151-9638(17)31042-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguyen T, Castex-Rizzi N, Redoules D. Immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory, anti-pruritus and tolerogenic activities induced by I-modulia, an Aquaphilus dolomiae culture extract, in atopic dermatitis pharmacology models. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2017;144(Suppl 1): S42–S49. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0151-9638(17)31042-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fostini AC, Georgescu V, Decoster CJ, Girolomoni G. A cream based on Aquaphilus dolomiae extracts alleviates non-histaminergic pruritus in humans. Eur J Dermatol. 2017;27(3):317–318. doi: https://doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2017.2994</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fostini AC, Georgescu V, Decoster CJ, Girolomoni G. A cream based on Aquaphilus dolomiae extracts alleviates non-histaminergic pruritus in humans. Eur J Dermatol. 2017;27(3):317–318. doi: https://doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2017.2994</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guerrero D, Mengeaud V, Verriere F, Nocera T. Efficacy and tolerabity of an association with cooper, zinc and sucralfate in dermatology. Les Nouvelles Dermatol. 2002;21(Suppl.2):20–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guerrero D, Mengeaud V, Verriere F, Nocera T. Efficacy and tolerabity of an association with cooper, zinc and sucralfate in dermatology. Les Nouvelles Dermatol. 2002;21(Suppl.2):20–23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwartz JR, Marsh RG, Draelos ZD. Zinc and skin health: overview of physiology and pharmacology. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31 (7 Pt 2):837–847; discussion 847. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2005.31729</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwartz JR, Marsh RG, Draelos ZD. Zinc and skin health: overview of physiology and pharmacology. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31 (7 Pt 2):837–847; discussion 847. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2005.31729</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baldwin S, Odio MR, Haines SL, et al. Skin benefits from continuous topical administration of a zinc oxide/petrolatum formulation by a novel disposable diaper. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2001; 15 Suppl 1:5–11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0926-9959.2001.00002.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baldwin S, Odio MR, Haines SL, et al. Skin benefits from continuous topical administration of a zinc oxide/petrolatum formulation by a novel disposable diaper. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2001; 15 Suppl 1:5–11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0926-9959. 2001.00002.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merial-Kieny C, Castex-Rizzi N, Selas B, et al. Avène Thermal Spring Water: an active component with specific properties. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011;25 Suppl 1:2–5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03892.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merial-Kieny C, Castex-Rizzi N, Selas B, et al. Avène Thermal Spring Water: an active component with specific properties. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011;25 Suppl 1:2–5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03892.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joly F, Charveron M, Ariès MF, et al. Effect of Avène spring water on the activation of rat mast cell by substance P or antigen. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 1998;11(2):111–116. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000029816</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joly F, Charveron M, Ariès MF, et al. Effect of Avène spring water on the activation of rat mast cell by substance P or antigen. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 1998;11(2):111–116. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000029816</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boisnic S, Branchet-Gumila MC, Segard C. Inhibitory effect of Avène spring water on vasoactive intestinal peptide-induced inflammation in surviving human skin. Int J Tissue React. 2001;23(3):89–95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boisnic S, Branchet-Gumila MC, Segard C. Inhibitory effect of Avène spring water on vasoactive intestinal peptide-induced inflammation in surviving human skin. Int J Tissue React. 2001;23(3):89–95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casas C, Ginisty H, Alvarez-Georges S, et al. Molecular characterization of inflammation and Staphylococcus aureus colonization of involved skin of atopic dermatitis patients A non-invasive approach. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2008;21(5):260–268. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000143391</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Casas C, Ginisty H, Alvarez-Georges S, et al. Molecular characterization of inflammation and Staphylococcus aureus colonization of involved skin of atopic dermatitis patients A non-invasive approach. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2008;21(5):260–268. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000143391</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
