<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы современной педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current Pediatrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-5527</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1682-5535</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vsp.v24i4.2943</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vsp-3805</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дилатационная кардиомиопатия у детей с дистрофическим врожденным буллезным эпидермолизом: ретроспективное одномоментное (регистровое) исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Pediatric Patients with Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: Retrospective, Cross-Sectional (Registry) Study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4107-4642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Епишев</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Epishev</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Епишев Роман Владимирович, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-дерматовенеролог отделения дерматологии и аллергологии, научный сотрудник лаборатории патологии кожи у детей</p><p>119991, Москва, Ломоносовский пр-т, д. 2, стр. 1</p><p>тел.: +7 (499) 134-09-15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Not declared.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drepishev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2252-8570</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурашкин</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murashkin</surname><given-names>Nikolay N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Not declared.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6642-5776</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Not declared.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей; Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); Центральная государственная медицинская академия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей; Благотворительный фонд «БЭЛА. Дети-бабочки»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health; Charitable foundation “BELA. Butterfly Children”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>226</fpage><lpage>234</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Епишев Р.В., Мурашкин Н.Н., Орлова О.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Епишев Р.В., Мурашкин Н.Н., Орлова О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Epishev R.V., Murashkin N.N., Orlova O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3805">https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3805</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование. Одной из наиболее тяжелых форм врожденного буллезного эпидермолиза (ВБЭ) является его дистрофическая форма (ДБЭ) — заболевание, обусловленное мутациями в гене COL7A1, приводящее к хрупкости кожи и образованию пузырей, характеризующееся чаще тяжелым течением кожного процесса и системными проявлениями. Одним из серьезных системных осложнений у пациентов с ДБЭ является дилатационная кардиомиопатия (ДКМП) или вторичные изменения миокарда, усугубляющие клиническое течение ДБЭ и существенно влияющие на заболеваемость и смертность. Однако данные о корреляции тяжести ДБЭ с антропометрическими, остеоденситометрическими и лабораторными показателями, а также с данными эхокардиографии (ЭхоКГ) среди детского населения с ВБЭ в Российской Федерации отсутствуют. Цель исследования — изучить клинико-лабораторный профиль пациентов с ДБЭ и ДКМП, а также выявить возможные маркеры, ассоциированные с высокой степенью тяжести заболевания и риском летального исхода у детей с ДБЭ в Российской Федерации. Методы. Оценивались тяжесть течения ВБЭ по Бирмингемскому индексу тяжести BEBS (от 15,0 до 64,0); антропометрические показатели (WAZ, HAZ, BAZ) и состояние минеральной плотности костной ткани (BMD, Z-score); лабораторные показатели (гемоглобин, ферритин, альбумин, железо, витамин D и др.); параметры ЭхоКГ (фракция выброса — ФВ, размеры камер, регургитации); наличие сопутствующих заболеваний и летальный исход. Результаты. По состоянию на 2025 г. в Российской Федерации, в соответствии с данными «Регистра генетических и других редких заболеваний» благотворительного фонда «Детибабочки», зарегистрирован 491 ребенок с ВБЭ. Из них имеются данные о 7 пациентах (4 девочки и 3 мальчика) с ДБЭ тяжелого течения и сопутствующей ДКМП. Возраст пациентов варьировал от 4 до 17 лет (средний 13,4 ± 5,1 года). Среди обследованных пациентов более высокие значения BEBS (&gt; 50) ассоциировались с глубоким дефицитом массы тела (BAZ &lt; –5), низкой минеральной плотностью костей (Z-score до –5,3), выраженной анемией (Hb &lt; 90 г/л) и тяжелыми изменениями миокарда (снижение ФВ, дилатация камер, множественные регургитации). Из 7 больных 3 (все девочки) умерли; у них регистрировались максимальные показатели BEBS ( 46), тяжелая нутритивная недостаточность и наиболее выраженные изменения по данным ЭхоКГ. Заключение. Тяжесть ДБЭ (по BEBS) находится в отрицательной корреляции с антропометрическими и остеоденситометрическими показателями (WAZ, BAZ, Z-score) и напрямую связана с риском тяжелой кардиомиопатии и летального исхода. Всем пациентам, страдающим ВБЭ, с подозрением на ДКМП необходима комплексная терапия, включающая нутритивную поддержку, коррекцию анемии, восполнение витамина D и регулярный кардиомониторинг.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. One of the most severe forms of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is its dystrophic form (DEB). This disease is caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene, leading to skin fragility and blistering, it is characterized typically by severe course of skin lesions and systemic manifestations. One of the challenging systemic complications in patients with DEB is dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) aggravating DEB clinical course and significantly affecting morbidity and mortality. However, there is no data on any correlation between DEB severity and anthropometric, osteodensimetry, and laboratory results, as well as with echocardiography (EchoCG) parameters among children with EB in Russian Federation. Objective. The aim of the study is to analyze the clinical and laboratory profile of patients with DEB and DCM, as well as to identify possible markers associated with high disease severity and risk of mortality in children with DEB in Russian Federation. Methods. The severity of EB course via Birmingham Epidermolysis Bullosa Severity score (BEBS) (from 15.0 to 64.0); anthropometric measures (WAZ, HAZ, BAZ) and bone mineral density status (BMD, Z-score); laboratory parameters (hemoglobin, ferritin, albumin, iron, vitamin D, etc.); EchoCG parameters (ejection fraction (EF), cardiac chambers dimensions, regurgitation); presence of comorbidities and lethal outcomes were evaluated. Results. 491 children with EB were registered in Russian Federation according to the data from the “Register of genetic and other rare diseases” of charitable foundation “BELA. Butterfly Children” as at 2025. There is data on 7 patients (4 girls and 3 boys) with severe DEB and comorbid DCM. Patients’ age was from 4 to 17 years (mean age 13.4 ± 5.1 years). Higher BEBS values (&gt; 50) were associated with severe weight deficit (BAZ &lt; –5), low bone mineral density (Z-score up to –5.3), severe anemia (Hb &lt; 90 g/L), and severe myocardial changes (reduced EF, dilated chambers, multiple regurgitations). 3 girls out of these 7 patients died. They had maximum BEBS score ( 46), severe malnutrition, and the most significant changes according to EchoCG. Conclusion. DEB severity (according to BEBS) has negative correlation with anthropometric and osteodensimetry parameters (WAZ, BAZ, Z-score) and is directly related to the risk of severe cardiomyopathy and death. All patients suffering from EB with suspected DCM require complex management, including nutritional support, anemia correction, vitamin D replacement, and regular cardiac monitoring.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденный буллезный эпидермолиз</kwd><kwd>кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>нутритивная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epidermolysis bullosa</kwd><kwd>cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>malnutrition</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Отсутствует.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Not specified.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bardhan A, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Chapple ILC, et al. Epidermolysis bullosa. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):78. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-020-0210-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bardhan A, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Chapple ILC, et al. Epidermolysis bullosa. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):78. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-020-0210-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">du Rand A, Hunt JMT, Feisst V, Sheppard HM. Epidermolysis Bullosa: A Review of the Tissue-Engineered Skin Substitutes Used to Treat Wounds. Mol Diagn Ther. 2022;26(6):627–643. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40291-022-00613-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">du Rand A, Hunt JMT, Feisst V, Sheppard HM. Epidermolysis Bullosa: A Review of the Tissue-Engineered Skin Substitutes Used to Treat Wounds. Mol Diagn Ther. 2022;26(6):627–643. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40291-022-00613-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baardman R, Bolling MC. The importance of accurate epidemiological data of epidermolysis bullosa. Br J Dermatol. 2022;186(5):765–766. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.21295.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baardman R, Bolling MC. The importance of accurate epidemiological data of epidermolysis bullosa. Br J Dermatol. 2022;186(5):765–766. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.21295.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мурашкин Н.Н., Епишев Р.В., Орлова О.С. и др. Эпидемиология врожденного буллезного эпидермолиза среди детского населения Российской Федерации // Вопросы современной педиатрии. — 2024. — Т. 23. — № 5. — С. 316–328. — doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v23i5.2808</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murashkin NN, Epishev RV, Orlova OS, et al. Congenital Epidermolysis Bullosa Epidemiology among Children of Russian Federation. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2024;23(5):316–328. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v23i5.2808</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Has C, Bauer JW, Bodemer C, et al. Consensus reclassification of inherited epidermolysis bullosa and other disorders with skin fragility. Br J Dermatol. 2020;183(4):614–627. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18921</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Has C, Bauer JW, Bodemer C, et al. Consensus reclassification of inherited epidermolysis bullosa and other disorders with skin fragility. Br J Dermatol. 2020;183(4):614–627. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18921</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murat-Sušić S, Husar K, Skerlev M, et al. Inherited epidermolysis bullosa — the spectrum of complications. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2011;19(4):255–263.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murat-Sušić S, Husar K, Skerlev M, et al. Inherited epidermolysis bullosa — the spectrum of complications. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2011;19(4):255–263.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hon KL, Chu S, Leung AKC. Epidermolysis Bullosa: Pediatric Perspectives. Curr Pediatr Rev. 2022;18(3):182–190. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/1573396317666210525161252</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hon KL, Chu S, Leung AKC. Epidermolysis Bullosa: Pediatric Perspectives. Curr Pediatr Rev. 2022;18(3):182–190. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/1573396317666210525161252</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fine JD, Mellerio JE. Extracutaneous manifestations and complications of inherited epidermolysis bullosa: Part I. Epithelial associated tissues. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;61(3):367–384; quiz 385–386. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2009.03.052</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fine JD, Mellerio JE. Extracutaneous manifestations and complications of inherited epidermolysis bullosa: Part I. Epithelial associated tissues. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;61(3):367–384; quiz 385–386. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2009.03.052</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwieger-Briel A, Fuentes I, Castiglia D, et al. Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex with KLHL24 Mutations Is Associated with Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Invest Dermatol. 2019;139(1):244–249. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2018.07.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwieger-Briel A, Fuentes I, Castiglia D, et al. Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex with KLHL24 Mutations Is Associated with Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Invest Dermatol. 2019;139(1):244–249. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2018.07.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mariath LM, Santin JT, Schuler-Faccini L, Kiszewski AE. Inherited epidermolysis bullosa: update on the clinical and genetic aspects. An Bras Dermatol. 2020;95(5):551–569. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abd.2020.05.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mariath LM, Santin JT, Schuler-Faccini L, Kiszewski AE. Inherited epidermolysis bullosa: update on the clinical and genetic aspects. An Bras Dermatol. 2020;95(5):551–569. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abd.2020.05.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fine JD, Hall M, Weiner M, et al. The risk of cardiomyopathy in inherited epidermolysis bullosa. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159(3): 677–682. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08697.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fine JD, Hall M, Weiner M, et al. The risk of cardiomyopathy in inherited epidermolysis bullosa. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159(3): 677–682. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08697.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сарыева О.П., Кулида Л.В., Проценко Е.В., Малышева М.В. Кардиомиопатии у детей — клинические, генетические и морфологические аспекты // Российский медико-биологический вестник им. академика И.П. Павлова. — 2020. — Т. 28. — № 1. — С. 99–110. — doi: https://doi.org/10.23888/PAVLOVJ202028199-110</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saryeva OP, Kulida LV, Protsenko EV, Malysheva MV. Cardiomyopathy in children — clinical, genetic and morphological aspects. I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2020;28(1):99–110. doi: https://doi.org/10.23888/PAVLOVJ202028199-110</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lara-Corrales I, Mellerio JE, Martinez AE, et al. Dilated cardiomyopathy in epidermolysis bullosa: a retrospective, multicenter study. Pediatr Dermatol. 2010;27(3):238–243. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01127.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lara-Corrales I, Mellerio JE, Martinez AE, et al. Dilated cardiomyopathy in epidermolysis bullosa: a retrospective, multicenter study. Pediatr Dermatol. 2010;27(3):238–243. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01127.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fett JD, Ansari AA, Sundstrom JB, Combs GF. Peripartum cardiomyopathy: a selenium disconnection and an autoimmune connection. Int J Cardiol. 2002;86(2-3):311–316. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5273(02)00359-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fett JD, Ansari AA, Sundstrom JB, Combs GF. Peripartum cardiomyopathy: a selenium disconnection and an autoimmune connection. Int J Cardiol. 2002;86(2-3):311–316. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5273(02)00359-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alissa EM, Bahijri SM, Ferns GA. The controversy surrounding selenium and cardiovascular disease: a review of the evidence. Med Sci Monit. 2003;9(1):RA9–RA18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alissa EM, Bahijri SM, Ferns GA. The controversy surrounding selenium and cardiovascular disease: a review of the evidence. Med Sci Monit. 2003;9(1):RA9–RA18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Z, Chang C, Zhang Y, et al. The association between serum selenium concentration and prognosis in patients with heart failure in a Chinese population. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):14533. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93873-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Z, Chang C, Zhang Y, et al. The association between serum selenium concentration and prognosis in patients with heart failure in a Chinese population. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):14533. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93873-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsushima Y, Mizutani K, Goto H, et al. Emaciation, Congestive Heart Failure, and Systemic Amyloidosis in Severe Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: Possible Internal Complications Due to Skin-Derived Inflammatory Cytokines Derived from the Injured Skin. Dermatopathology (Basel). 2020;7(2):41–47. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/dermatopathology7020007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsushima Y, Mizutani K, Goto H, et al. Emaciation, Congestive Heart Failure, and Systemic Amyloidosis in Severe Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: Possible Internal Complications Due to Skin-Derived Inflammatory Cytokines Derived from the Injured Skin. Dermatopathology (Basel). 2020;7(2):41–47. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/dermatopathology7020007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peiris JS, Cheung CY, Leung CY, Nicholls JM. Innate immune responses to influenza A H5N1: friend or foe? Trends Immunol. 2009;30(12):574–584. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2009.09.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peiris JS, Cheung CY, Leung CY, Nicholls JM. Innate immune responses to influenza A H5N1: friend or foe? Trends Immunol. 2009;30(12):574–584. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2009.09.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsoli M, Robertson G. Cancer cachexia: malignant inflammation, tumorkines, and metabolic mayhem. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2013;24(4):174–183. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2012.10.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsoli M, Robertson G. Cancer cachexia: malignant inflammation, tumorkines, and metabolic mayhem. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2013;24(4):174–183. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2012.10.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samavedam UK, Kalies K, Scheller J, et al. Recombinant IL-6 treatment protects mice from organ specific autoimmune disease by IL-6 classical signalling-dependent IL-1ra induction. J Autoimmun. 2013;40:74–85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2012.08.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samavedam UK, Kalies K, Scheller J, et al. Recombinant IL-6 treatment protects mice from organ specific autoimmune disease by IL-6 classical signalling-dependent IL-1ra induction. J Autoimmun. 2013;40:74–85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2012.08.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamanaka K, Nakanishi T, Saito H, et al. Persistent release of IL-1s from skin is associated with systemic cardio-vascular disease, emaciation and systemic amyloidosis: the potential of anti-IL-1 therapy for systemic inflammatory diseases. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e104479. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104479</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamanaka K, Nakanishi T, Saito H, et al. Persistent release of IL-1s from skin is associated with systemic cardio-vascular disease, emaciation and systemic amyloidosis: the potential of anti-IL-1 therapy for systemic inflammatory diseases. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e104479. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104479</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vichayavilas PE, Skillman HE, Krebs NF. Nutrition in Congenital Heart Disease: Challenges, Guidelines and Nutritional Support. In: Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, Cardiac Surgery and Intensive Care. Da Cruz EM, Ivy D, Jaggers J, eds. Springer London; 2013. Ch. 169. pp. 3201–3212. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4619-3_164</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vichayavilas PE, Skillman HE, Krebs NF. Nutrition in Congenital Heart Disease: Challenges, Guidelines and Nutritional Support. In: Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, Cardiac Surgery and Intensive Care. Da Cruz EM, Ivy D, Jaggers J, eds. Springer London; 2013. Ch. 169. pp. 3201–3212. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4619-3_164</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cameron JW, Rosenthal A, Olson AD. Malnutrition in hospitalized children with congenital heart disease. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995;149(10):1098–1102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170230052007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cameron JW, Rosenthal A, Olson AD. Malnutrition in hospitalized children with congenital heart disease. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995;149(10):1098–1102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170230052007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwarz SM, Gewitz MH, See CC, et al. Enteral nutrition in infants with congenital heart disease and growth failure. Pediatrics. 1990;86(3):368–373.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwarz SM, Gewitz MH, See CC, et al. Enteral nutrition in infants with congenital heart disease and growth failure. Pediatrics. 1990;86(3):368–373.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гандаева Л.А., Боровик Т.Э., Басаргина Е.Н. и др. Актуальность оценки нутритивного статуса у детей с хронической сердечной недостаточностью // Вопросы современной педиатрии. — 2015. — Т. 14. — № 6. — С. 699–705. — doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v14i6.1479</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gandaeva LА, Borovik ТE, Basargina YeN, et al. The Relevance of Assessment of Nutritional Status in Children with Chronic Heart Failure. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2015;14(6):699–705. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v14i6.1479</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Халилова М.А. Оценка антропометрических показателей больных детей с врожденными пороками сердца с хронической сердечной недостаточностью // Евразийский журнал медицинских и естественных наук. — 2024. — Т. 4. — № 5, ч. 2. — С. 133–140. — doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11408008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khalilova MA. Assessment of anthropometric indicators of sick children with congenital heart defects and chronic heart failure. Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences. 2024; 4(5 Pt 2):133–140. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11408008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пронина И.Ю., Мурашкин Н.Н., Макарова С.Г. и др. Обеспеченность витамином D детей с врожденным буллезным эпидермолизом: одномоментное исследование // Вопросы современной педиатрии. — 2021. — Т. 20. — № 5. — С. 407–412. — doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v20i5.2315</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pronina IYu, Murashkin NN, Makarova SG, et al. Vitamin D Provision in Children with Congenital Epidermolysis Bullosa: Cross Sectional Study. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2021;20(5):407–412. (In Russ). doi: https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v20i5.2315</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moss C, Wong A, Davies P. The Birmingham Epidermolysis Bullosa Severity Score: development and validation. Br J Dermatol. 2009;160(5):1057–1065. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09041.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moss C, Wong A, Davies P. The Birmingham Epidermolysis Bullosa Severity Score: development and validation. Br J Dermatol. 2009;160(5):1057–1065. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09041.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
