vspВопросы современной педиатрииCurrent Pediatrics1682-55271682-5535Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/vsp.v24i6.2996vsp-3901Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯORIGINAL ARTICLESРаспространенность нарушений нутритивного статуса среди детей младшего школьного возраста (6–9 лет) и ассоциированные факторы: одномоментное популяционное исследованиеPrevalence of Nutritional Status Disorders Among Primary Schoolchildren (6–9 Years Old) and Associated Factors: Cross-Sectional Population-Based Studyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5250-7351КовтунО. П.KovtunOlga P.

Екатеринбург

Yekaterinburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4285-6902УстюжанинаМ. А.UstiuzhaninaMargarita A.

Устюжанина Маргарита Александровна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры поликлинической педиатрии

620028, Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, д. 3, тел.: +7 (343) 214-86-52

Yekaterinburg

m.a.ust@usma.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1959-5222СолодушкинС. И.SolodushkinSvyatoslav I.

Екатеринбург

Yekaterinburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2727-2412АнуфриеваЕ. В.AnufrievaElena V.

Москва

Moscow

Уральский государственный медицинский университетРоссияUral State Medical UniversityRussian FederationУральский государственный медицинский университет; Уральский федеральный университет им. первого Президента России Б.Н. ЕльцинаРоссияUral State Medical University; Ural Federal University named after first president of Russia B.N. YeltsinRussian FederationФедеральный центр гигиены и эпидемиологииРоссияFederal Center for Hygiene and EpidemiologyRussian Federation202518012026246444457Copyright © Ковтун О.П., Устюжанина М.А., Солодушкин С.И., Ануфриева Е.В., 20262026Ковтун О.П., Устюжанина М.А., Солодушкин С.И., Ануфриева Е.В.Kovtun O.P., Ustiuzhanina M.A., Solodushkin S.I., Anufrieva E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3901

Обоснование. Распространенность нарушений нутритивного статуса среди российских детей изучена во многих исследованиях. Вместе с тем, сохраняется дефицит стандартизированных региональных данных, полученных на популяционном уровне, а также сведений о факторах, ассоциированных с такими нарушениями у младших школьников.Цель исследования — изучить распространенность и факторы риска (поведенческие, семейные, биологические) нарушений нутритивного статуса у детей младшего школьного возраста.Методы. В исследование включали детей в возрасте 6–9 лет, прошедших антропометрическое обследование в школах г. Екатеринбурга в 2020 г. Сбор информации о социально-демографических и поведенческих характеристиках детей осуществляли путем опроса родителей. Для определения нарушений нутритивного статуса рассчитывали стандартизированный показатель индекса массы тела (SDS ИМТ) по LMS-методу. Недостаточность питания устанавливали при значениях SDS ИМТ < –2,0; избыточную массу тела — при значениях от +1,0 до +2,0 SDS; ожирение — при значениях > +2,0 SDS. Анализ факторов, ассоциированных с SDS ИМТ, выполнен с использованием обобщенной линейной модели (GLM).Результаты. В исследовании принял участие 2991 ребенок, средний возраст — 7,6 ± 0,3 года. Нормальный нутритивный статус установлен у 1831 (61,2%) ребенка, недостаточность питания — у 481 (16,1%), избыточная масса тела — у 430 (14,4%), ожирение — у 249 (8,3%). С SDS ИМТ ассоциировали пол ребенка (для мужского в сравнении с женским = –0,18; p = 0,050), ИМТ матери ( = 0,045; p < 0,001) и отца ( = 0,046; p < 0,001), рост ( = 0,062; p < 0,001) и масса тела ребенка при рождении ( = 0,0002; p = 0,030). Эти факторы объясняли (R2) 17,7% дисперсии зависимой переменной.Заключение. Более трети детей младшего школьного возраста имели нарушения нутритивного статуса, почти каждый десятый — ожирение. С ИМТ детей младшего школьного возраста ассоциировали биологические, поведенческие и семейные факторы. Последнее следует учитывать при проектировании профилактических программ, ориентированных на детей младшего школьного возраста и членов их семей.

Objectives. The prevalence of nutritional status disorders among Russian children has been studied in various research. Meanwhile, a lack of standardized regional data obtained at the population level remains, as well as information on the factors associated with such disorders in younger schoolchildren.Objective. The aim of the study is to study the prevalence and risk factors (behavioral, familial, biological) of nutritional status disorders in primary schoolchildren.Methods. The study included children aged 6–9 years who underwent an anthropometric survey in Yekaterinburg schools in 2020. Information on the socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of children was gathered by interviewing their parents. To determine nutritional status disorders, a standardized body mass index (SDS BMI) was calculated by the LMS method. Malnutrition was diagnosed at SDS values of BMI < –2.0; overweight — at values from +1.0 to +2.0 SDS; obesity — at values > +2.0 SDS. The factors associated with SDS BMI were analyzed by a General Lineal Model (GLM).Results. The study involved 2,991 children, age of 7.6 ± 0.3 years. Normal nutritional status was diagnosed in 1831 (61.2%) children, malnutrition — in 481 (16.1%) children, overweight — in 430 (14.4%) children, obesity — in 249 (8.3%) children. The sex of the child (for male versus female, = –0.18; p = 0.050), BMI of the mother ( = 0.045; p < 0.001) and BMI of the father ( = 0.046; p < 0.001), height ( = 0.062; p < 0.001) and body weight of the child at the birth ( = 0.0002; p = 0.030) were associated with SDS BMI. These factors explained (R2) 17.7% of the variance of the dependent variable.Conclusion. More than a third of primary schoolchildren had nutritional status disorders, and almost one in ten was obese. Biological, behavioral, and family factors were associated with their BMI. The latter should be considered when designing preventive programs aimed at primary schoolchildren and their family members.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.