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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы современной педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current Pediatrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-5527</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1682-5535</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vsp.v25i2.3012</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vsp-3987</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Наследственная легочная гипертензия, ассоциированная с вариантами гена TBX4 у детей: первое в России описание четырех клинических случаев</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hereditary Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with TBX4 Gene Variants in Children: First Description of Four Cases Studies in Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8635-6216</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миклашевич</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miklashevich</surname><given-names>Irina M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миклашевич Ирина Михайловна, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая научным отделом детской кардиологии и аритмологии, заведующая детским кардиологическим отделением с дневным стационаром, врач детский кардиолог, врач ультразвуковой диагностики </p><p>125412, Москва, ул. Талдомская, д. 2,  тел.: +7 (495) 483-70-92</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">imiklashevich@pedklin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5198-757X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терехова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Terekhova</surname><given-names>Natalya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9899-8409</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сударева</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sudareva</surname><given-names>Olga O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-3240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грознова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Groznova</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-1418</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шудуева</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shudueva</surname><given-names>Amina R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0740-1718</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мизерницкий</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mizernitsky</surname><given-names>Yury L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1963-4313</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зорина</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zorina</surname><given-names>Irina E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова (Пироговский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Челябинская областная детская клиническая больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chelyabinsk Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова (Пироговский Университет); Благотворительный фонд медико-социальных генетических проектов помощи «Геном жизни»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Charity Fund for medical and social genetic aid projects “Life Genome”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>88–100</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Миклашевич И.М., Терехова Н.В., Сударева О.О., Грознова О.С., Шудуева А.Р., Мизерницкий Ю.Л., Зорина И.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Миклашевич И.М., Терехова Н.В., Сударева О.О., Грознова О.С., Шудуева А.Р., Мизерницкий Ю.Л., Зорина И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Miklashevich I.M., Terekhova N.V., Sudareva O.O., Groznova O.S., Shudueva A.R., Mizernitsky Y.L., Zorina I.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3987">https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/3987</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Легочная артериальная гипертензия (ЛАГ) — тяжелая многофакторная полигенная группа легочно-сердечных заболеваний. Вероятной причиной наследственной ЛАГ, особенно при дебюте в детском возрасте, являются варианты гена TBX4. В России случаи ЛАГ, ассоциированные с патогенными вариантами гена TBX4 (ф актор транскрипции T-BOX 4), ранее не описаны.</p><p>Описание клинических случаев. В период с 2020 по 2025 г. в детском кардиологическом отделении НИКИ педиатрии и детской хирургии им. акад. Ю.Е. Вельтищева РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова (Пироговский Университет) обследованы 66 детей с легочной гипертензией (ЛГ) неясной этиологии. У 43 методом полногеномного секвенирования выявлены патогенные варианты генов, ассоциированных с развитием ЛАГ, включая BMPR2, EIF2AK4, SOX17, SMAD9, ENG, GDF2, ALK1, KCNK3, а также 4 (9%) случая патогенных вариантов гена TBX4 (варианты, приводящие к сдвигу рамки считывания, миссенс-мутация и структурный вариант — микроделеция 17q23.1q23.2). Все случаи сопровождались стойкой комбинацией признаков: 1) респираторные нарушения в неонатальном периоде с длительной кислородной поддержкой, в том числе с формированием кислородозависимости; 2) раннее присоединение ЛГ; 3) сердечно-сосудистые нарушения; 4) скелетные аномалии; 5) задержка психомоторного развития. В трех случаях отмечено сочетание паренхиматозного поражения легких и бронхообструктивного синдрома, у пациента с микроделецией — хронический бронхит. Динамическое наблюдение показало, что именно респираторные нарушения и сопутствующая дыхательная недостаточность определяют тяжесть течения заболевания. Присоединение ЛГ усугубляет клиническую картину и прогноз. Эффективность терапии легочными вазодилататорами при поражении легких ограниченна.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Патогенные варианты гена TBX4 приводят к формированию фенотипа, выходящего за рамки клинических проявлений изолированной наследственной ЛАГ. Фенотип у больных с патогенными изменениями гена TBX4 можно рассматривать как синдром, проявляющийся аномалией развития / интерстициального поражения легких, манифестирующих дыхательными нарушениями в неонатальный период, пороками сердца, прекапиллярной формой ЛГ, скелетными аномалиями и нарушениями развития нервной системы. Такие больные нуждаются в лечении при участии междисциплинарной команды специалистов в специализированном медицинском центре для пациентов с ЛГ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe, multifactorial, polygenic group of pulmonary-cardiac diseases. The probable causes of hereditary PAH, especially at onset in childhood, are TBX4 (T-box transcription factor 4) gene variants. There are no reports of PAH cases associated with pathogenic TBX4 variants in the Russian Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>Case descriptions</title><p>Case descriptions. 66 children with pulmonary hypertension (PH) of unknown etiology were examined in the Pediatric Cardiology Department of the Veltischev Institute during the period from 2020 to 2025. Pathogenic variants of genes associated with PAH development were revealed in 43 children via whole-genome sequencing. These genes were BMPR2, EIF2AK4, SOX17, SMAD9, ENG, GDF2, ALK1, KCNK3, and, moreover, there were 4 (9%) cases of TBX4 pathogenic variants (frameshift mutations, missense mutation, and one structural variant — microdeletion 17q23.1q23.2). All cases have shown persistent combination of features: 1) respiratory distress in neonatal period requiring  long-term oxygen support, including the development of oxygen dependence, 2) early onset of pulmonary hypertension, 3) cardiovascular manifestations, 4) skeletal abnormalities, 5) psychomotor retardation. Three variants were accompanied by combination of parenchymal lung damage and broncho-obstructive syndrome; patient with microdeletion had chronic bronchitis. Follow-up has shown that specifically respiratory distress and concomitant respiratory failure determine the disease severity. Pulmonary hypertension onset worsens the clinical picture and prognosis. Pulmonary vasodilators efficacy in case of lung damage is limited.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Pathogenic variants in the TBX4 gene lead to phenotype extending clinical manifestations of isolated hereditary PAH. This phenotype can be considered as a syndrome complex of impaired development, interstitial lung disease, manifested by respiratory distress in neonatal period, heart defects, precapillary pulmonary hypertension, skeletal anomalies, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Patients with TBX4 gene mutations require treatment by a multidisciplinary team of specialists. Such patients should be managed by interdisciplinary team of specialists in specialized medical center for patients with pulmonary hypertension.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ген ТВХ4</kwd><kwd>мутация</kwd><kwd>наследственная легочная артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>интерстициальное заболевание легких</kwd><kwd>клинические случаи</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>TBX4 gene</kwd><kwd>mutation</kwd><kwd>hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>interstitial lung disease</kwd><kwd>case studies</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Отсутствует.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Not specified.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Humbert M, Kovacs G, Hoeper MM, et al. 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