vspВопросы современной педиатрииCurrent Pediatrics1682-55271682-5535Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/vsp.v25i3.3054vsp-4043Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯORIGINAL ARTICLESСостав кишечной микробиоты у детей в возрасте до двух лет с пищевой аллергией: одномоментное исследованиеIntestinal Microbiota Composition in Children Under Two Years of Age with Food Allergies: Cross Sectional Studyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8717-2539БеляеваИ. А.BelyaevaIrina A.

Беляева Ирина Анатольевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор Российской академии наук, заведующая отделом преконцепционной, антенатальной и неонатальной медицины НИИ педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей НКЦ №2; профессор кафедры факультетской педиатрии Института материнства и детства; врач-неонатолог 

119333, Москва, ул. Фотиевой, д. 10, к. 1

тел.: +7 (905) 728-58-02

Moscow

irinaneo@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4955-0121ТуртиТ. В.TurtiTatiana V.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6395-028XШукенбаеваР. А.ShukenbaevaRegina A.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-2914БомбардироваЕ. П.BombardirovaElena P.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8311-9506ГордееваО. Б.GordeevaOlga B.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2209-7531Намазова-БарановаЛ. С.Namazova-BaranovaLeyla S.

Москва

Moscow

Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова (Пироговский Университет); НИИ педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей НКЦ №2 ФГБНУ «РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского»; Морозовская детская городская клиническая больницаРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Pediatrics and Child Health Research Institute in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Morozovskaya Children’s City Clinical HospitalRussian FederationРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова (Пироговский Университет); НИИ педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей НКЦ №2 ФГБНУ «РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского»РоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Pediatrics and Child Health Research Institute in Petrovsky National Research Centre of SurgeryRussian FederationРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова (Пироговский Университет)РоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian FederationНИИ педиатрии и охраны здоровья детей НКЦ №2 ФГБНУ «РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского»РоссияPediatrics and Child Health Research Institute in Petrovsky National Research Centre of SurgeryRussian Federation202621072026253142–153Copyright © Беляева И.А., Турти Т.В., Шукенбаева Р.А., Бомбардирова Е.П., Гордеева О.Б., Намазова-Баранова Л.С., 20262026Беляева И.А., Турти Т.В., Шукенбаева Р.А., Бомбардирова Е.П., Гордеева О.Б., Намазова-Баранова Л.С.Belyaeva I.A., Turti T.V., Shukenbaeva R.A., Bombardirova E.P., Gordeeva O.B., Namazova-Baranova L.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/4043Обоснование

Обоснование. Исследование кишечной микробиоты у детей с аллергическими заболеваниями в первые 1000 сут жизни необходимо для обоснования патогенетической коррекции кишечного дисбиоза в периоде «окна возможностей». В России проведено несколько исследований кишечной микробиоты у детей первых 1000 сут жизни, но не у детей с аллергией.

Цель исследования — изучить состав кишечной микробиоты у детей в возрасте до двух лет с пищевой аллергией. Методы. В исследование включали доношенных детей в возрасте 6–24 мес с пищевой аллергией, находившихся под наблюдением в амбулаторных условиях. Таксономический состав кишечной микробиоты анализировали методом секвенирования 16S рРНК. Сбор биоматериала выполнен в домашних условиях. Таксономический профиль кишечной микробиоты представлен в виде относительной численности таксонов (relative abundance), рассчитанной как доля (в %) прочтений (reads), отнесенных к каждому таксону, от общего числа прочтений.

Результаты

Результаты. Таксономический состав кишечной микробиоты изучен у 60 детей, из них 37 первого (6–12 мес) и 23 — второго года жизни (13–24 мес). У детей обеих возрастных групп выделены типы Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteriа и Actinobacteria, у детей в возрасте 13–24 мес — еще и тип Verrucomicrobia. У   детей в возрасте 13–24 мес чаще обнаруживали микроорганизмы семейства Ruminococcaceae (р = 0,006), неидентифицируемого рода семейства Lachnospiraceae (p < 0,001) и рода Gemmiger (p = 0,007), реже — рода Veillonella (р = 0,007). У детей в возрасте 6–12 мес обнаружены условно-патогенные микроорганизмы видов Veillonella parvula (р = 0,017), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum и Intestinibacter bartlettii, у детей второго года жизни выше доля Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (р = 0,049). На этом фоне у детей второго года жизни ниже выраженность сенсибилизации к белкам коровьего молока при сохранении ее уровня к белкам куриного яйца.

Заключение

Заключение. У детей второго года жизни с пищевой аллергией отмечено более высокое содержание микробов-симбионтов при отсутствии микробов-патобионтов. Этот результат позволяет предполагать компенсаторное формирование толерантности у детей с пищевой аллергией уже в раннем возрасте.

Background

Background. Study of the intestinal microbiota in children with allergic diseases during the first 1000 days of life is necessary for pathogenetic correction validation of intestinal dysbiosis during the “window of opportunity” period. Several studies on intestinal microbiota in children during the first 1000 days of life have been conducted in Russia, but not among children with allergies.

Objective

Objective. The aim of the study is to examine the intestinal microbiota composition in children under two years of age with food allergies.

Methods

Methods. The study included full-term children aged 6–24 months with food allergy who were followed up on outpatient basis. The taxonomic composition of intestinal microbiota was analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing. Biological material was collected at home. The taxonomic profile of intestinal microbiota is presented as the relative abundance of taxa, calculated as the proportion (in %) of reads assigned to each taxon out of the total number of reads.

Results

Results. The taxonomic composition of intestinal microbiota was studied in 60 children: 37 of them were of the first year of life (6–12 months) and 23 were of the second year of life (13–24 months). Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were revealed in both age groups, while children aged 13–24 months additionally had Verrucomicrobia. Ruminococcaceae family (p = 0.006), unclassified type of Lachnospiraceae family (p < 0.001), and Gemmiger (p = 0.007) were revealed more frequently in children aged 13–24 months, whereas Veillonella (p = 0.007) was revealed less frequently. Opportunistic microorganisms of Veillonella parvula (p = 0.017), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, and Intestinibacter bartlettii were revealed in children aged 6–12 months, while the proportion of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was higher (p = 0.049) in children of the second year of life. Children of the second year of life showed lower degree of sensitization to cow’s milk proteins, while sensitization level to chicken egg proteins remained unchanged.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Children of the second year of life with food allergy have higher abundance of commensal microbes was observed in the absence of pathobionts. This result suggests the compensatory tolerance development in children with food allergy early in childhood.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.