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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы современной педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current Pediatrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-5527</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1682-5535</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vsp.v25i3.3055</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vsp-4046</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Произвольное пороговое апноэ после глубокого вдоха как предиктор риска неблагоприятных событий после плановых абдоминальных операций у детей: проспективное когортное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Breath-Holding Test After Deep Inhalation as a Risk Predictor of Adverse Events After Elective Abdominal Surgery in Children: Prospective Cohort Study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-4793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трембач</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trembach</surname><given-names>Ilya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трембач Илья Антонович, врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог; ассистент кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии и трансфузиологии </p><p>350007, Краснодар, пл. Победы, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trembachilya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8813-4512</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатит</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatit</surname><given-names>Elizaveta S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детская краевая клиническая больница; Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Children’s Regional Clinical Hospital; Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><elocation-id>154–163</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трембач И.А., Хатит Е.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трембач И.А., Хатит Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trembach I.A., Khatit E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/4046">https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/4046</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Ранние послеоперационные неблагоприятные события у детей остаются значимой клинической проблемой, а их прогнозирование с применением многофакторных шкал имеет ряд ограничений (сложность, субъективность оценок, недостаточная точность). В этой связи актуальным остается поиск объективных и неинвазивных методов оценки риска послеоперационных событий.</p><p>Цель исследования — изучить прогностическое значение длительности произвольного порогового апноэ (ППА) после глубокого вдоха в оценке риска неблагоприятных событий после плановых абдоминальных операций у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В одноцентровое проспективное когортное исследование включали детей в возрасте 5–10 лет с физическим статусом ASA I–II и запланированной абдоминальной операцией. На предоперационном этапе (в день накануне анестезии) всем участникам трижды измеряли длительность ППА (в секундах) после глубокого вдоха с последующим расчетом среднего значения. В течение первых 6 ч после операции регистрировали неблагоприятные послеоперационные события: боль, послеоперационную тошноту и рвоту, дрожь и ажитацию. Прогностическую эффективность ППА анализировали по результатам многофакторной логистической регрессии и k-fold кросс-валидации.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В исследование включены 160 детей. Неблагоприятные послеоперационные события зарегистрированы у 36 (22,5%). В многофакторной логистической регрессионной модели длительность ППА после глубокого вдоха оказалась единственным статистически значимым предиктором неблагоприятных событий: AUC — 0,833 (95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 0,781–0,894), отношение шансов — 0,82 (95% ДИ 0,77–0,88). При кросс-валидации метрики прогностической эффективности показателя длительность ППА значимо не изменились. Оптимальным для прогноза развития неблагоприятных послеоперационных событий было значение длительности ППА  28 с. У детей высокого послеоперационного риска (ППА  28 с) частота неблагоприятных послеоперационных событий была более чем вдвое выше, чем у детей с ППА &gt; 28 с (16,3 и 6,2% соответственно; p &lt; 0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проба ППА после глубокого вдоха является простым и неинвазивным способом стратификации риска при планировании абдоминальных операций у детей. Длительность ППА  28 с является независимым предиктором развития неблагоприятных событий после таких операций. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Early postoperative adverse events in children remain a significant clinical problem, their prognosis via multifactorial scales has several limitations (complexity, subjective assessment, insufficient accuracy). Thus, the search for accurate and non-invasive methods for assessing risk of postoperative events remains relevant.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The aim of the study is to examine the prognostic value of breath-holding test (BHT) duration after deep inhalation in assessing the risk of adverse events after elective abdominal surgery in children.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The single-center prospective cohort study included children aged 5–10 years with ASA I–II physical status and planned abdominal surgery. All participants were measured BHT duration (in seconds) three times after deep inhalation with calculating the mean value (at the preoperative stage — the day before anesthesia). Any adverse postoperative events were recorded during the first 6 hours after surgery: pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, shivering, and agitation. The predictive BHT efficacy was analyzed via multivariate logistic regression and k-fold cross-validation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study included 160 children. Adverse postoperative events were reported in 36 (22.5%) cases. BHT duration after deep inhalation was the only statistically significant predictor of adverse events in the multivariate logistic regression model: AUC — 0.833 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.781–0.894), odds ratio — 0.82 (95% CI 0.77–0.88). BHT duration did not change significantly during cross-validation of predictive performance metrics. The optimal value for the development of adverse postoperative events prognosis was BHT duration  28 seconds. The frequency of adverse postoperative events in children with high postoperative risk (BHT  28 seconds) was more than twice as much as in children with BHT &gt; 28 seconds (16.3 and 6.2%, respectively; p &lt; 0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. BHT test after deep inhalation is a simple and non-invasive method to stratify risk while planning abdominal surgery in children. The BHT duration  28 seconds is the independent predictor of adverse events after such surgeries.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>абдоминальные операции</kwd><kwd>послеоперационные осложнения</kwd><kwd>оценка риска</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd><kwd>задержка дыхания</kwd><kwd>произвольное пороговое апноэ</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>abdominal surgery</kwd><kwd>postoperative complications</kwd><kwd>risk assessment</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd><kwd>breath holding</kwd><kwd>breath-holding test</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Отсутствует. Авторы выражают благодарность д.м.н., доценту кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии и трансфузиологии Кубанского государственного медицинского университета Никите Владимировичу Трембачу за ценные замечания при планировании исследования и обсуждении результатов.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Not specified. 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