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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы современной педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current Pediatrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-5527</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1682-5535</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15690/vsp.v25i4.3059</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vsp-4095</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прогнозирование потребности в сурфактанте по данным ранней ультразвуковой оценки аэрации легочной паренхимы у недоношенных новорожденных с респираторным дистресс-синдромом на неинвазивной респираторной поддержке: проспективное когортное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Predicting the Need for Surfactant Based on Early Ultrasound Assessment of Lung Parenchymal Aeration in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome on Non-Invasive Respiratory Support: A Prospective Cohort Study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0113-0766</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старков</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starkov</surname><given-names>Vadim Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старков Вадим Юрьевич - врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии новорожденных Екатеринбургского КПЦ, ассистент кафедры неонатологии Уральского ГМУ.</p><p>620028, Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, д. 3, тел.: +7 (343) 374-52-12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Medical University</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.u.starkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-2956</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестак</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestak</surname><given-names>Evgeny V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбур</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Medical University</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5250-7351</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковтун</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovtun</surname><given-names>Olga P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8268-4172</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Додров</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dodrov</surname><given-names>Dmitry S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Екатеринбургский клинический перинатальный центр; Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ekaterinburg Clinical Perinatal Center; Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Екатеринбургский клинический перинатальный центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ekaterinburg Clinical Perinatal Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>248</fpage><lpage>257</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Старков В.Ю., Шестак Е.В., Ковтун О.П., Додров Д.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Старков В.Ю., Шестак Е.В., Ковтун О.П., Додров Д.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Starkov V.Y., Shestak E.V., Kovtun O.P., Dodrov D.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/4095">https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/4095</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Современные клинические руководства рекомендуют введение сурфактанта при потребности в кислороде (FiO2) &gt; 0,3 на фоне неинвазивной респираторной поддержки методом CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure). Этот критерий является неспецифичным и не отражает истинной степени поражения легочной паренхимы. Ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ) легких позволяет количественно оценить потерю аэрации «у постели» пациента без лучевой нагрузки и до развития кислородной зависимости.</p><p>Цель исследования — изучить прогностические характеристики оценки аэрации легочной паренхимы методом УЗИ при определении потребности в сурфактанте у недоношенных новорожденных с респираторным дистресс-синдромом (РДС) на неинвазивной респираторной поддержке.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В проспективное исследование включали недоношенных новорожденных с гестационным возрастом (ГВ) 260–346 нед с РДС, получавших NCPAP (nasal CPAP) с рождения, с FiO2 ≤ 0,3. Состояние аэрации легочной паренхимы оценивали по результатам УЗИ в первые 2 ч жизни. Каждой зоне сканирования (передней, боковой и задней с обеих сторон) присваивали балл от 0 до 3, где 0 — А-паттерн (горизонтальные артефакты, нормальная аэрация); 1 — В-паттерн (менее 3 четко определяемых В-линий); 2 — выраженный альвеолярно-интерстициальный синдром (множественные сливные В-линии, возможны субплевральные консолидации); 3 — обширная консолидация легочной паренхимы. Оценки по зонам суммировали. Возможный диапазон значений суммарного балла — от 0 до 18. Предсказываемый исход: введение сурфактанта в течение первых 3 ч жизни.</p></sec><sec><title>Результат</title><p>Результат. В исследование включили 175 недоношенных, из них сурфактант был применен у 95 (54%) детей. Медиана суммарного балла УЗИ легких в группе детей, получивших сурфактант, составила 10 (8; 12), без сурфактанта — 4 (2; 6) (p &lt; 0,001). Различия между группами по показателю суммарного балла определены по всем зонам сканирования легких (p &lt; 0,001). Площадь под ROC-кривой (AUC) для показателя суммарного балла составила 0,911 (95% ДИ 0,865–0,951). Для порога ≥ 8 баллов чувствительность составила 82,1%, специфичность — 96,2%, положительная прогностическая ценность — 96,3%, отрицательная прогностическая ценность — 81,9%.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Оценка аэрации легочной паренхимы методом УЗИ в первые 2 ч жизни является точным независимым предиктором потребности в первичном введении сурфактанта недоношенным новорожденным с РДС на СРАР.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Modern clinical guidelines recommend surfactant administration when the oxygen requirement (FiO2) exceeds 0.3 during non-invasive respiratory support via continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). However, this criterion is nonspecific and does not reflect the true extent of lung parenchymal involvement. Lung ultrasound enables a quantitative assessment of aeration decrease at the bedside without radiation exposure and prior to the onset of oxygen dependency.</p><p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the predictive characteristics of ultrasound assessment of lung parenchymal aeration in determining the need for surfactant administration in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) on non-invasive respiratory support.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. This prospective study included preterm infants with a gestational age (GA) of 26–34 weeks with RDS who received nasal CPAP (NCPAP) from birth with an FiO2 ≤ 0.3. Lung parenchymal aeration was evaluated via ultrasound within the first 2 hours of life. Each scaned zone (anterior, lateral, and posterior on both sides) was assigned points from 0 to 3, where 0 — A-pattern (horizontal artifacts, normal aeration); 1 — B-pattern (fewer than 3 clearly defined B-lines); 2 — severe alveolar-interstitial syndrome (multiple confluent B-lines; possible subpleural consolidations); 3 — extensive lung parenchymal consolidation. Zone scores were summed up. The possible range for the total score was 0 to 18. The predicted outcome was surfactant administration within the first 3 hours of life.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study included 175 preterm infants; surfactant was administered to 95 (54%) of them. The median total lung ultrasound score was 10 (8; 12) in the group receiving surfactant and 4 (2; 6) in the group not receiving surfactant (p &lt; 0.001). Differences in total scores between the groups were observed across all lung scanning zones (p &lt; 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the total score was 0.911 (95% CI 0.865–0.951). At a threshold of ≥ 8 points, sensitivity was 82.1%, specificity was 96.2%, positive predictive value was 96.3%, and negative predictive value was 81.9%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Ultrasound assessment of lung parenchymal aeration during the first 2 hours of life is an accurate, independent predictor of the need for initial surfactant administration in preterm infants with RDS on CPAP.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование легких</kwd><kwd>респираторный дистресс-синдром новорожденных</kwd><kwd>легочная паренхима</kwd><kwd>сурфактант</kwd><kwd>недоношенные новорожденные</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lung ultrasound</kwd><kwd>neonatal respiratory distress syndrome</kwd><kwd>lung parenchyma</kwd><kwd>surfactant</kwd><kwd>preterm infants</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Отсутствует</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Not specified</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sweet DG, Carnielli VP, Greisen G, et al. 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