vspВопросы современной педиатрииCurrent Pediatrics1682-55271682-5535Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/vsp.v25i4.3079vsp-4101Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕCLINICAL OBSERVATIONSМетаболическое программирование здоровья ребенка: роль модифицируемых факторов антенатального периода и раннего детстваMetabolic Programming of Child Health: the Role of Modifiable Factors in the Antenatal Period and Early Childhoodhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8632-3075ШайтароваА. В.ShaitarovaAnna V.

Шайтарова Анна Владимировна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры педиатрии и неонатологии

625023, Тюмень, ул. Одесская, д. 54

Tyumen

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2558-1000ДоготарьО. С.DogotarOlesya S.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9253-8075СуплотоваЛ. А.SuplotovaLyudmila A.

Тюмень

Tyumen

Тюменский государственный медицинский университетРоссияTyumen State Medical UniversityRussian FederationООО «Нестле Россия»РоссияNestle Russia LLCRussian Federation202611102026254330343Copyright © Шайтарова А.В., Доготарь О.С., Суплотова Л.А., 20262026Шайтарова А.В., Доготарь О.С., Суплотова Л.А.Shaitarova A.V., Dogotar O.S., Suplotova L.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/4101

Первые 1000 дней жизни являются критическим периодом для метаболического программирования человека. Действие неблагоприятных факторов в это время через эпигенетические механизмы ассоциировано с высоким риском развития ожирения, сахарного диабета 2-го типа и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Контроль управляемых факторов риска на этапах преконцепционной подготовки, беременности и раннего детства открывает новые перспективы для первичной профилактики указанных заболеваний. В настоящем обзоре обобщены современные данные о модифицируемых факторах риска, действующих в преконцепционный, антенатальный и ранний постнатальный периоды, их влиянии на эпигенетическое программирование и ассоциации с развитием ожирения у детей. Обсуждается необходимость разработки и внедрения профилактических стратегий в периоде до зачатия и в первые 2 года жизни ребенка.

The first 1000 days of life represent a critical window for metabolic programming. Adverse exposures during this period, acting through epigenetic mechanisms, can predispose individuals to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease across the lifespan. Identifying modifiable risk factors and implementing early interventions offers substantial potential for primary disease prevention. This review aims to consolidate evidence on modifiable risk factors operating during the periconceptional, antenatal, and early postnatal periods, and their impact on epigenetic programming and childhood obesity risk, underscoring the need for preventive strategies starting as early as the preconceptional period and continuing through the first two years of life.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.