vspВопросы современной педиатрииCurrent Pediatrics1682-55271682-5535Издательство «ПедиатрЪ»10.15690/vsp.v14i3.1368vsp-696Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWОсобенности питания юных спортсменов, занимающихся циклическими видами спортаDietary Habits of Young Athletes Going in for Cyclic SportsМакароваС. Г.MakarovaS. G.

доктор медицинских наук, врач-диетолог, главный научный сотрудник отдела по клиническим исследованиям в педиатрии Научного центра здоровья детей, профессор кафедры аллергологии и клинической иммунологии педиатрического факультета Первого МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова

sm27@yandex.ruЧумбадзеТ. Р.ChumbadzeТ. R.ПоляковС. Д.PolyakovS. D.Научный центр здоровья детей, Москва, Российская Федерация Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова, Российская ФедерацияРоссияScientific Centre of Children Health, Moscow, Russian Federation I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian FederationRussian FederationНаучный центр здоровья детей, Москва, Российская ФедерацияРоссияScientific Centre of Children Health, Moscow, Russian FederationRussian Federation201525082015143Вопросы современной педиатрии332340Copyright © Макарова С.Г., Чумбадзе Т.Р., Поляков С.Д., 20152015Макарова С.Г., Чумбадзе Т.Р., Поляков С.Д.Makarova S.G., Chumbadze Т.R., Polyakov S.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/696

В современном спорте проблема формирования адекватного питания является одной из главных задач в системе подготовки юных спортсменов. В обзоре литературы представлены современные подходы к нутритивному обеспечению юных спортсменов при занятиях циклическими видами спорта. Эти виды спорта требуют расхода большого количества энергии, работа выполняется с высоким напряжением и значительной интенсивностью. Соответственно, соотношение основных нутриентов у спортсменов, тренирующихся на выносливость, смещено в пользу углеводов, которые должны покрывать высокие потребности на физическую активность в зависимости от этапа тренировочного процесса и объема нагрузки. Использование высокожировых диет для обеспечения энергетической функции себя не оправдало, поэтому от такого нутритивного подхода отказались: содержание жиров в рационе спортсменов должно составлять около 25% от общей калорийности рациона. По современным требованиям, содержание белка в рационе спортсменов не должно превышать 1,2–1,6 г/кг массы тела. Во избежание риска развития дегидратации и снижения физической работоспособности спортсменам циклических видов спорта необходимо использовать (небольшими порциями через 10–15 мин) спортивные напитки во время и после тренировки (соревнования). Они содержат углеводы и электролиты, что более предпочтительно, чем употребление только воды. 

In modern sports, outlining an adequate diet is one of the key issues in training young athletes. The following literature review presents new approaches to nutrition of young athletes going in for cyclic sports. These sports take a lot of energy, entail great strain and significant intensity of training. Correspondingly, the ratio of nutrients in athletes training for endurance tends to shift toward carbohydrates, the amount of which in the body should cover the increased need for workload as may be defined by the training process and the amount of workload. High-fat diets have proved irrelevant in terms of providing energy function; therefore, this nutritive approach was dismissed, since an athlete should have an about 25% share of fats of his/her menu’s total caloric value. According to modern standards, the amount of proteins in athletes’ menu should not exceed 1.2–1.6g per 1kg of body weight. To avoid the risk of dehydration and physical weakness, cyclic athletes should take sport drinks (in small portions) prior to and following a training session (competition). They contain carbohydrates and electrolytes and therefore are more preferable than pure water. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.