MECHANISMS OF IMMUNE DISBALANCE FORMING IN PATIENTS WITH VIRAL INFECTIONS OF RESPIRATORY TRACT, AND NEW OPPORTUNITIES OF IMMUNOTHERAPY
Abstract
Key words: children, pidotimod, viral infections, prophylaxis, treatment.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2009;8(5):56-61)
About the Author
N.V. KhoroshilovaRussian Federation
References
1. Shy D., Holman R., Newman R. et al. Bronchiolitis associated hospitalizations among US children 1980-1996. JAMA. 1999; 282 (15):1440–1446.
2. Enserink M., Vogel C. Infectious diseases: deferring competition, global net closes in on SARS. Science. 2003; 300 (5617): 224–225.
3. Message S., Johnston S. Host defense function of the airway epithelium in health and disease: clinical background. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2004; 75 (1): 5–17.
4. Thomas P., Keating R., Hulse-Post D. Cell mediated protection in influenza infection. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2006; 12: 48–54.
5. Maines T., Szretter K., Perrone L. et al. Pathogenesis of emerging avian influenza viruses in mammals and the host innate immune response. Imm. Rev. 2008; 225: 68–84.
6. Guo H., Kumar P., Moran T. et al. The functional impairment of natural killer cells during influenza virus infection. Immunol. Cell. Biol. 2009. Доступно на: http://www.nature.com/
7. Mao H., TuW., Qin G. et al. Influenza virus directly infects human natural killer cells and induces cell apoptosis. J. Virol. 2009; 83 (18): 9215–9222.
8. Achdout H., Manaster I., Mandelboim O. Influenza virus infection augments NK cell inhibition through reorganization of major histocompatibility complex class I proteins. J. Virol. 2008; 82 (16): 8030–8037.
9. Anderson L., Heilman C. Protective and disease-enhancing immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus. J. Infect. Dis. 1995; 171: 1–7.
10. Openshaw P. Potential therapeutic implications of new insights into respiratory syncytial virus disease. Respir. Res. 2002; 3 (1): 15–20.
11. Bartlett N., McLean G., Chang Y. et al. Genetics and epidemiology: asthma and infection. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2009; 9 (5): 395–400.
12. McGillivary G., Mason K., Jurcisek J. et al. Respiratory syncytial virus-induced dysregulation of expression of a mucosal beta defensing augments colonization of the upper airway by non-typeable Haemophilus influenza. Cell. Microbiol. 2009; 11 (9): 1399–1408.
13. Gwaltney J. Clinical significance and pathogenesis of viral respiratory infections. Am. J. Med. 2002; 112 (l6): 13–18.
14. Gentile D., Villalobos E., Angelini B. et al. Cytokine levels during symptomatic viral upper respiratory tract infection. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003; 91 (4): 362–367.
15. Proud D., Chung-Wai Chow. Role of viral infections in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 2006; 35: 513–518.
16. Хаитов Р.М., Пинегин Б.В. Иммуномодуляторы: классификация, фармакологическое действие, клиническое применение. Фарматека. 2004; 7: 10–15.
17. Riboldi P., Gerosa M., Meroni P. Pidotimod:a reappraisal. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 2009; 22 (2): 255–262.
18. Guidelines on use of International Noneproprietary Names (INNs) for pharmaceutical substances. Geneva: WHO. 1997.
19. Taramelli D., Malaborba M., Basilico N. et al. Effects of pidotimod on macrophage functions in methylprednisolone-treated mice. Arzneimittelfoschung. 1994; 44 (12): 1425–1430.
20. Migliorati G., Di Adamio L., Coppi G. et al. Pidotimod stimulates natural killer activity and inhibits thymocyte cell death. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 1992; 14 (4): 737–748.
21. Chiarenza A., Icerato M., Barbera L. et al. Effects of pidotimod on the immune and neuroendocrine pystem in the aging rat. Arzneimittelfoschung. 1994; 44 (12): 1437–1440.
22. Annoni G., Arosio B., Santambrogio D. et al. Gene expression for Interleikin–2 and Tumor necrosis factor-alfa in the spleen of old rats under physical condition and during septic shock. Arzneimittelfoschung. 1994; 44 (12): 1433-1436.
23. Coppi G., Falcone A., Manzardo S. Protective effects of pidotimod against experimental bacterial infections in mice. Arzneimittelfoschung. 1994; 44 (12): 1417–1421.
24. Giaguli C., Noerder M., Avolio M. et al. Pidotimod promotes functional maturation of dendritic cells and displays adjuvant properties at the nasal mucosa level. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2009; 9 (12): 1366–1373.
25. Di Marco R., Condorelli F., Girardello R. et al. Increased rate of survivial in Streptococcus pneumoniae-infected rats treated with the new immunomodulator pidotimod. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 1992; 24 (6): 821–823.
26. Dianzani C., Colangelo D., Tonso E. et. al. In vivo antiviral effects of pidotimod. Arzneimittelfoschung. 1994; 44 (12): 1431–1433.
27. Pozzi E., Dolatti A., Orlandi O. et al. Pidotimod in the treatment of patients affected by bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Arzneimittelfoschung. 1994; 44 (12): 1495–1498.
28. Bisetti A., Ciappi G., Bariggi F. et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of pidotimod in the exacerbations in patients affected with chronic bronchitis. Arzneimittelfoschung. 1994; 44 (12): 1499–1502.
29. Ciaccia A. Pidotimod activity against chronic bronchitis exacerbations. Arzneimittelfoschung. 1994; 44 (12): 1516–1520.
30. Benetti G., Ieleni M., Passera A. et al. Ex vivo evaluation of Pidotimod activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arzneimittelfoschung. 1994; 44 (12): 1503–1505.
31. Passali D., Calearo C., Conticello S. Pidotimod in the management of recurrent pharyngotonsillar infections in childhood. Arzneimittelfoschung. 1994; 44 (12): 1511–1516.
32. Motta G., De Campora C., De Vita et al. Immunoactivity of Pidotimod against episodes of recurrent tonsillitis in childhood. Arzneimittelfoschung. 1994; 44 (12):1521–1524.
33. Carredu P. Role of immunoactivation with Pidotimod in recurrent respiratory infections in childhood. Arzneimittelfoschung. 1994; 44 (12): 1506–1511.
34. Burgio G., Morseglia G., Severi F. et al. Immunoactivation by Pidotimod in children with recurrent respiratory infections. Arzneimittelfoschung. 1994; 44 (12): 1525–1529.
35. De La Torre Gonzales C., Pacheco Rios A., Escalante Domingues A. et al. Comparative meta-analysis of immunostimulant agents used in pediatric patients in Mexico. Rev. Allerg. Mex. 2005; 52 (1): 25–38.
36. Aivazis V., Halzimichail A., Papachristou A. et al. Clinical evaluation and changes of the respiratory epithelium function after administration of Pidotimod in Greek children with recurrent respiratory tract infections. Minerva Pediatr. 2002; 54 (4): 315–319.
37. Caramia G., Clemente E., Solli R. et al. Pidotimod in the treatment of recurrent respiratory infections in children. Arzneimittelfoschung. 1994; 44 (12): 1480–1484.
38. Carredu P., Mei V., Venturoli V. et al. Pidotimod in the treatment of recurrent respiratory infections in pediatric patients. Arzneimittelfoschung. 1994; 44 (12): 1506–1511.
39. Byard R. Forensic issues in Down syndrome fatalities. J. Forensic Issues. Log. Med. 2007; 14 (18): 475–481.
40. La Mantia I., Grillo C., Mattina T. et al. Prophylaxis with the novel immunomodulator Pidotimod reduces the frequency and severity of upper respiratory tract infections in children with Down syndrome. J. Chemother. 1999; 11 (2): 126–130.
41. Rimoldi R., Girardello R., Floretti M. et al. Evaluation of the effect of pidotimod on non-specific bronchial hyper responsiveness in allergic asthma. Giorn. Ital. Allergol. Immunol. Clin. 1993; 3: 181–186.
42. Vargas Correa J., Espinosa Morales S., Bolanos Ancona J. et al. Pidotimod in recurrent respiratory infection in children with allergic rhinitis,asthma, or both conditions. Rev. Alerg. Mex. 2002; 49 (2): 27¬–32.
43. Gourgiotis D., Papadopulos N., Bossios A. et al. Immune modulator Pidotimod decreases the in vitro expressions of CD30 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of atopic asthmatics and normal children. J. Asthma. 2004; 41 (3): 285–287.
44. Latza U., Davis S., Wilhelm D. et al. Soluble cytokine receptor CD30 in atopic disorders: case-control study. Clin. Exp. Allergy. 1999; 29 (1): 97–104.
45. Guerra B., PerinoA., Polatt F. et al. Pidotimod in the management of vulvar papillomatosis: double-blind clinical trial versus placebo. Am. J. Ther. 1998; 5 (3): 147–152.
Review
For citations:
Khoroshilova N. MECHANISMS OF IMMUNE DISBALANCE FORMING IN PATIENTS WITH VIRAL INFECTIONS OF RESPIRATORY TRACT, AND NEW OPPORTUNITIES OF IMMUNOTHERAPY. Current Pediatrics. 2009;8(5):56-61.
Email this article 
