Анемия при воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника у детей
Аннотация
Анемия — одно из наиболее частых осложнений воспалительных заболеваний кишечника, встречающихся, по разным данным, у 6–74% пациентов с такими формами патологии. Патогенез и лечение анемии при воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника имеют ряд особенностей. Так, например, не всякая анемия — железодефицитная и, соответственно, ее коррекция не ограничивается применением только препаратов железа. В обзоре проанализирована многофакторная природа анемии при воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника, ее влияние на течение и прогноз основного заболевания, описаны современные терапевтические средства.
Об авторах
А. О. Анушенко
Научный центр здоровья детей, Москва, Российская Федерация
Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова, Москва, Российская Федерация
Россия
Россия
врач-педиатр, гастроэнтеролог, сотрудник гастроэнтерологического отделения с гепатологической группой НЦЗД, ассистент кафедры факультетской педиатрии № 1 педиатрического факультета РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Адрес: 119991, Москва, Ломоносовский пр-т, д. 2, стр. 1, тел.: +7 (499) 134-15-82
А. С. Потапов
Научный центр здоровья детей, Москва, Российская Федерация
Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова, Москва, Российская Федерация
Россия
Россия
Е. Г. Цимбалова
Научный центр здоровья детей, Москва, Российская Федерация
Россия
Россия
О. Б. Гордеева
Научный центр здоровья детей, Москва, Российская Федерация
Россия
Россия
Список литературы
1. Fernandes A, Bacalhau S, Cabral J. Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: is it still increasing? Acta Med Port. 2011; 24 Suppl 2:333–338.
2. Benchimol E, Guttmann A, Griffiths A, et al. Increasing incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Ontario, Canada: evidence from health administrative data. Gut. 2009;58(11): 1490–1497. doi: 10.1136/gut.2009.188383.
3. Hammer T, Nielsen KR, Burisch J, et al. DOP010. Incidence of inflam matory bowel diseases in the Faroe Islands from 1960–2014: A 54-year overview from a population-based cohort. J Crohns Colitis. 2015;9 (suppl 1):S24. doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jju027.038.
4. Nielsen KR, Hammer T, Burisch J, et al. Su1070 Incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases in the Faroe Islands from 1960–2014: A 54-year overview from a population-based cohort. Gastroenterology. 2015;148(4):S399. doi: 10.1016/S0016- 5085(15)31342-1.
5. Ravikumara M, Sandhu B. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases in childhood. Indian J Pediatr. 2006;73(8):717–721. doi: 10.1007/bf02898451.
6. Burisch J, Munkholm P. The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2015;50(8):942–951. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1014407.
7. Jose F, Garnett E, Vittinghoff E, et al. Development of Extraintestinal Manifestations in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009;15(1):63–68. doi: 10.1002/ibd.20604.
8. Mamula P, Markowitz J, Baldassano R. Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. New York, Springer; 2008. Vol. 8. p. 88.
9. Диагностика и лечение железодефицитной анемии у детей / Под ред. А.Г. Румянцева, Н.А. Коровиной. — М.; 2004. 48 с. [Diagnostika i lechenie zhelezodefitsitnoi anemii u detei. Ed by Rumyantsev A.G., Korovina N.A. Moscow; 2004. 48 p. (In Russ).]
10. Тарасова И.С. Разработка и научное обоснование скрининга железодефицитных состояний у подростков: Автореф. дис. … докт. мед. наук. — М.; 2013. 67 с. [Tarasova IS. Razrabotka i nauchnoe obosnovanie skrininga zhelezodefitsitnykh sostoyanii u podrostkov. [dissertation abstract] Moscow; 2013. 67 p. (In Russ).]
11. World Health Organization. Anaemia [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2011 [cited 2016 Apr 19]. Available from: http://www.who.int/topics/anaemia/en/.
12. Gasche C. Anemia in IBD: the overlooked villain. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2000;6(2):142–150. doi: 10.1002/ibd.3780060214.
13. Cucino C, Sonnenberg A. Cause of death in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2001;7(3): 250–255. doi: 10.1097/00054725-200108000-00011.
14. Gomollon F, Gisbert J. Anemia and inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(37):4659–4665. doi: 10.3748/wjg.15.4659.
15. Долгов В.В., Луговская С.А., Почтарь М.Е., Федорова М.М. Лабораторная диагностика нарушений обмена железа. — СПб.: Витал Диагностикс; 2002. 52 с. [Dolgov VV, Lugovskaya SA, Pochtar’ ME, Fedorova MM. Laboratornaya diagnostika narushenii obmena zheleza. St. Petersburg: Vital Diagnostiks; 2002. 52 p. (In Russ).]
16. Kugathasan S, Judd R, Hoffmann R, et al. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of children with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease in Wisconsin: a state wide populationbased study. J Pediatr. 2003;143(4):525–531. doi: 10.1067/s0022-3476(03)00444-x.
17. Thomas C, Thomas L. Biochemical markers and hematologic indices in the diagnosis of functional iron deficiency. Clinical Chem. 2002;48(7):1066–1076.
18. Cartwright GE, Lauritsen MA, Jones PJ, et al. The anemia of infection. I. Hypoferremia, hypercupremia, and alterations in porphyrin metabolism in patients. J Clin Invest. 1946;25(1):65–80. doi: 10.1172/JCI101690.
19. Weiss G, Gasche C. Pathogenesis and treatment of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease. Haematologica. 2010;95(2): 175–178. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2009.017046.
20. Bergamaschi G, Di Sabatino A, Albertini R, et al. Prevalence and pathogenesis of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease. Influence of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment. Haematologica. 2010;95(2):199–205. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2009.009985.
21. Weiss G, Goodnough L. Anemia of chronic disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(10):1011–1023. doi: 10.1056/nejmra041809.
22. Grimm MС. Inflammatory bowel disease: genes, germs and the gastrointestinal immune system. Today’s Life Science. 2001;13(1):24–30.
23. Wilson A, Reyes E, Ofman J. Prevalence and outcomes of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of the literature. Am J Med. 2004;116(7Suppl.1):44–49. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.12.011.
24. Ruiz-Arguelles G. Altitude above sea level as a variable for definition of anemia. Blood. 2006;108(6):2131–2132. doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-016352.
25. Voegtlin M, Vavricka S, Schoepfer A, et al. Prevalence of anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease in Switzerland: a cross sectional study in patients from private practices and university hospitals. J Crohns Colitis. 2010;4(6):642–648. doi: 10.1016/ j.crohns.2010.07.008.
26. Goodhand J, Kamperidis N, Rao A, et al. Prevalence and management of anemia in children, adolescents, and adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012;18(3): 513–519. doi: 10.1002/ibd.21740.
27. naspghan.org [Internet]. Monitoring disease activity in pediatric IBD patients. A case-based monograph focusing on pediatric IBD [updated 2009 Dec 15; cited 2016 Mar 12]. Available from: http://www.naspghan.org/files/documents/pdfs/cme/podcasts/MonitoringDiseaseActivity_PediatricIBDPatients.pdf.
28. Beard J. One person’s view of iron deficiency, development, and cognitive function. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;62(4):709–710.
29. Kretchmer N, Beard JL, Carlson S. The role of nutrition in the development of normal cognition. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996; 63(6):997–1001.
30. Lozoff B, Beard J, Connor J, et al. Long-lasting neural and behavioral effects of iron deficiency in infancy. Nutr Rev. 2006; 64(5):34–43. doi: 10.1301/nr.2006.may.s34-s43.
31. Bridges K, Pearson H. Anemias and other red cell disorders. USA: McGraw-Hill; 2008. 97 p.
32. Skikne B, Punnonen K, Caldron P, et al. Improved differential diagnosis of anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia: A prospective multicenter evaluation of soluble transferrin receptor and the sTfR/log ferritin index. Am J Hematol. 2011;86(11): 923–927. doi: 10.1002/ajh.22108.
33. Dignass A, Gasche C, Bettenworth D, et al. European consensus on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency and anaemia in inflammatory bowel diseases. J Crohns Colitis. 2015;9(3):211–222. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jju009.
34. Wallach J. Interpretation of diagnostic test. New York; 2008. 1200 р.
35. Brailsford S, Lunec J, Winyard P, et al. A possible role for ferritin during inflammation. Free Radic Res Commun. 1985;1(2): 101–109. doi: 10.3109/10715768509056542.
36. Gasche C, Berstad A, Befrits R, et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency and anemia in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2007;13(12): 1545–1553. doi: 10.1002/ibd.20285.
37. Cronin C, Shanahan F. Anemia in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96(8): 2296–2298. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.04032.x.
38. Headstrom P, Rulyak S, Lee S. Prevalence of and risk factors for vitamin B(12) deficiency in patients with Crohn’s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14(2):217–223. doi: 10.1002/ibd.20282.
39. Alkhouri R, Hashmi H, Baker R, et al. Vitamin and mineral status in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;56(1):89–92. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e 31826a105d.
40. Goldberg N. Iron deficiency anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2013; 6: 61-70. doi: 10.2147/CEG.S43493.
41. Suominen P, Punnonen K, Rajamaki A, Irjala K. Serum transferrin receptor and transferrin receptor-ferritin index identify healthy subjects with subclinical iron deficits. Blood. 1998; 92(8):2934-2939.
42. Ботвиньева В.В., Гордеева О.Б., Потапов А.С., и др. Оценка показателей воспалительного ответа и состояния периферического гемопоэза при неспецифическом язвенном колите у детей // Педиатрическая фармакология. — 2013. — Т. 10. — №5. — С. 52–55. [Botvin'eva VV, Gordeeva OB, Potapov AS, et al. Assessment of inflammatory response indicators and peripheral hemopoiesis at non-specific ulcerative colitis in children. Pediatricheskaya farmakologiya. 2013;10(5):52–55. (In Russ).] doi: 10.15690/pf.v10i5.823.
43. Баркова Э.Н. Патофизиологическое обоснование хронодиагностики и хронотерапии дефицита железа / Сб. научных статей: Патогенез и фармакокоррекция экстремальных и терминальных состояний. — М.; 1995. С. 11–14. [Barkova EN. Patofiziologicheskoe obosnovanie khronodiagnostiki i khronoterapii defitsita zheleza. In: Patogenez i farmakokorrektsiya ekstremal’nykh i terminal’nykh sostoyanii. Moscow; 1995. p. 11–14. (In Russ).]
44. Stein J, Dignass A. Management of iron deficiency anemia in inflammatory bowel disease — a practical approach. Ann Gastroenterol. 2013;26(2):104–113.
45. Baynes R. Assessment of iron status. Clin Biochem. 1996; 29(3):209–215. doi: 10.1016/0009-9120(96)00010-k.
46. Thorstensen K, Romslo I. The transferrin receptor: Its diagnostic value and its potential as therapeutic target. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1993;53(suppl215):113–120. doi: 10.3109/00365519309090703.
47. Baillie F, Morrison A, Fergus I. Soluble transferrin receptor: A discriminating assay for iron deficiency. Clin Lab Haematol. 2003;25(6):353–357. doi: 10.1046/j.0141-9854.2003.00548.x.
48. Flowers CH, Skikne BS, Covell AM, Cook JD. The clinical measurement of serum transferrin receptor. J Lab Clin Med. 1989;114(4):368–377.
49. Dudkowiak R, Neubauer K, Poniewierka E. Hepcidin and its role in inflammatory bowel disease. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2013; 22(4):585–591.
50. Kaitha S, Bashir M, Ali T. Iron deficiency anemia in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 2015;6(3): 62–72. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v6.i3.62.
51. Sanad M, Gharib A. Urinary hepcidin level as an early predictor of iron deficiency in children: A case control study. Ital J Pediatr. 2011;37:37. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-37-37.
52. Konz T, Montes-Bayon M, Vaulont S. Hepcidin quantification: methods and utility in diagnosis. Metallomics. 2014;6(9): 1583–1590. doi: 10.1039/c4mt00063c.
53. Arnold J, Sangwaiya A, Manglam V, et al. Presence of hepcidin-25 in biological fluids: Bile, ascitic and pleural fluids. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(17):2129–2133. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i17.2129.
54. Arnold J, Sangwaiya A, Bhatkal B, et al. Hepcidin and inflammatory bowel disease: dual role in host defence and iron homoeostasis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;21(4):425–429. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e32830e2885.
55. Pakoz Z, Cekic C, Arabul M, et al. Evaluation of the Correlation between Hepcidin Serum Levels and Disease Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2015;810942. doi: 10.1155/2015/810942.
56. Nagy J, Lakner L, Poor VS, et al. Serum prohepcidin levels in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. J Crohns Colitis. 2010; 4(6):649–653. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2010.07.010.
57. Павлов А.Д. Биологическая и клиническая роль эритропоэтина и его рецептора в негемопоэтических тканях // Вопросы гематологии, онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии. — 2004. — Т.3. — №1. — С. 12–20. [Pavlov AD. Biological and clinical role of erythropoietin and its receptor in non-hematopoietic tissues. Voprosy gematologii, onkologii i immunopatologii v pediatrii. 2004;3(1):12–20. (In Russ).]
58. Павлов А.Д., Морщакова Е.Ф. Синдром неадекватной продукции эритропоэтина на анемию // Гематология и трансфузиология. — 1999. — Т. 44. — №3. — С. 30–32. [Pavlov AD, Morshchakova EF. Sindrom neadekvatnoi produktsii eritropoetina na anemiyu. Gematol Transfuziol. 1999;44(3):30–32. (In Russ).]
59. Katsanos KH, Tatsioni A, Natsi D, et al. Recombinant human erythropoietin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and refractory anemia: a 15-year single center experience. J Crohns Colitis. 2012;6(1):56–61. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2011.07.004.
60. Basseri R, Nemeth E, Vassilaki M, et al. Hepcidin is a key mediator of anemia of inflammation in Crohn’s disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2013;7(8):286–291. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2012.10.013.
61. Wine E, Mack D, Hyams J, et al. Interleukin-6 is associated with steroid resistance and reflects disease activity in severe pediatric ulcerative colitis. J Crohns Colitis. 2013;7(11):916–922. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2012.12.012.
62. Ito H, Takazoe M, Fukuda Y, et al. A pilot randomized trial of a human anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody in active Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology. 2004;126(4):989–996. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.01.012.
63. Bayraktar UD, Bayraktar S. Treatment of iron deficiency anemia associated with gastrointestinal tract diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(22):2720–2725. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16. i22.2720.
64. Moreno Chulilla JA, Romero Colas MS, Gutierrez Martin M. Classification of anemia for gastroenterologists. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(37):4627–4637. doi: 10.3748/wjg.15.4627.
65. Fishbane S, Shapiro W, Dutka P, et al. A randomized trial of iron deficiency testing strategies in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2001;60(6):2406–2411. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755. 2001.00077.x.
66. d’Onofrio G, Chirillo R, Zini G, et al. Simultaneous measurement of reticulocyte and red blood cell indexes in healthy subjects and patients with microcytic and macrocytic anemia. Blood. 1995;85(3):818–823.
67. Piva E, Brugnara C, Spolaore F, Plebani M. Clinical utility of reticulocyte parameters. Clin Lab Med. 2015;35(1):133–163. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2014.10.004.
68. Rodak B. Hematology: clinical principles and applications. 3 ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007. 220 р.
69. Black M. Micronutrient deficiencies and cognitive functioning. J Nutr. 2003;133(11 Suppl 2):3927–3931.
70. de Andraca Oyarzun I, Salas Aliaga I, de la Parra Cieciwa A, Gonzalez Lopez B. Mother–child interaction and child behavior in preschool children with a history of iron-deficiency anemia in infancy. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1993;43(3):191–198.
71. Olson C, Acosta L, Hochberg N, et al. Anemia of inflammation is related to cognitive impairment among children in Leyte, the Philippines. PLoS Neglect Trop D. 2009;3(10):533. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pntd.0000533.
72. Gonzalez H, Malpeli A, Etchegoyen G. Acquisition of visuomotor abilities and intellectual quotient in children aged 4–10 years: relationship with micronutrient nutritional status. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2007;120(1-3):92–101. doi: 10.1007/s12011-007-8023-5.
73. Jelkmann W. Proinflammatory cytokines lowering erythropoietin production. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1998;18(8):555–559. doi: 10.1089/jir.1998.18.555.
74. Nemeth E, Tuttle M, Powelson J, et al. Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization. Science. 2004;306(5704):2090–2093. doi: 10.1126/science.1104742.
75. Gisbert J, Gomollon F. Common misconceptions in the diagnosis and management of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(5):1299–1307. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01846.x.
76. Cable R, Carlson B, Chambers L, et al. Practice guidelines for blood transfusion: a compilation from recent peer reviewed literature [Internet]. New York; 2002 [cited 2016 Jan 27]. Available from: http://chapters.redcross.org/br/indianaoh/hospitals/transfusionguidelines.htm.re.
77. Davies P, Robertson S, Hedge S, et al. Calculating the required transfusion volume in children. Transfusion. 2007;47(2):212–216. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01091.x.
78. Elzik M, Dirschl D, Dahners L. Correlation of transfusion volume to change in hematocrit. Am J Hematol. 2006;81(2):145–146. doi: 10.1002/ajh.20517.
79. Joint Working Party of the Transfusion and Clinical Haematology Task Forces of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Guidelines for the clinical use of red cell transfusions. Br J Haematol. 2001;113(1):24–31. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2257.1998.00151.x.
80. Crosby E, Ferguson D, Hume H, et al. Guidelines for red blood cell and plasma transfusion for adults and children. Can Med Assoc J. 1997;156 Suppl 11:1–24.
81. Национальный стандарт РФ. Кровь донорская и ее компоненты. Руководство по применению компонентов донорской крови. — М.; 2010. [Natsional’nyi standart RF. Krov’ donorskaya i ee komponenty. Rukovodstvo po primeneniyu komponentov donorskoi krovi. Moscow; 2010. (In Russ).]
82. Румянцев А.Г., Аграненко В.А. Гемотрансфузионная терапия в педиатрии и неонатологии. — М.: Макс Пресс; 2002. 643 с. [Rumyantsev AG, Agranenko VA. Gemotransfuzionnaya terapiya v pediatrii i neonatologii. Moscow: Maks Press; 2002. 643 p. (In Russ).]
83. Oldenburg B, Koningsberger J, Van Berge Henegouwen G, et al. Iron and inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001;15(4):429–438. doi: 10.1046/j.1365- 2036.2001.00930.x.
84. Gasche C, Lomer MC, Cavill I, Weiss G. Iron, anaemia, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Gut. 2004;53(8):1190–1197. doi: 10.1136/gut.2003.035758.
85. Hayat A. Safety issues with intravenous iron products in the management of anemia in chronic kidney disease. Clin Med Res. 2008;6(3–4):93–102. doi: 10.3121/cmr.2008.811.
86. de Silva A, Mylonaki M, Rampton D. Oral iron therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: usage, tolerance, and efficacy. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2003;9(5):316–320. doi: 10.1097/00054725-200309000-00005.
87. Авдеев В.Г., Моисеев С.В. Анемия при болезни Крона // Клиническая фармакология и терапия. — 2013. — Т. 22. — №1. — С. 1–6. [Avdeev VG, Moiseev SV. Anemiya pri bolezni Krona. Klinicheskaya farmakologiya i terapiya. 2013;22(1):1–6. (In Russ).]
88. Toblli J, Cao G, Olivieri L, et al. Comparison of the renal, cardiovascular and hepatic toxicity data of original intravenous iron compounds. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25(11):3631–3140. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfq260.
89. Милованов Ю.С., Милованова Л.Ю., Добросмыслов И.А. Железа (III) гидроксид сахарозный комплекс (Венофер) или его копии в лечении анемии у больных хронической болезнью почек: на что ориентироваться при выборе препарата? // Клиническая нефрология. — 2012.— №1. — С. 49–59. [Milovanov YuS, Milovanova LYu, Dobrosmyslov IA. Iron sucrose in treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease — original and generic drugs: what are the guidelines in drug choose? Klinicheskaya nefrologiya. 2012;(1):49–59. (In Russ).]
90. Beshara S, Sorensen J, Lubberink M. Pharmacokinetics and red cell utilization of 52Fe/59Fe-labelled iron polymaltose in anaemic patients using positron emission tomography. Br J Haematol. 2003;120(5):853–859. doi: 10.1046/j.1365- 2141.2003.03590.x.
91. Moore R, Gaskell H, Rose H, Allan J. Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (Ferinject) from clinical trial reports and published trial data. BMC Blood Disorders. 2011;11:4. doi: 10.1186/1471-2326-11-4.
92. Kulnigg S, Stoinov S, Simanenkov V. A novel intravenous iron formulation for treatment of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease: the ferric carboxymaltose (FERINJECT®) randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;103(5):1182–1192. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01744.x.
93. Hachemi S, Mutalib M, Chadokufa S, et al. Assessment of safety and efficacy of ferric carboxymaltose (Ferinject®) in the management of iron deficiency with anaemia (IDA) or without anaemia in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Abstracts of the 10th Congress of ECCO — European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. New York; 2015. p. 266.
94. Laass MW, Straub S, Chainey S, et al. Effectiveness and safety of ferric carboxymaltose treatment in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease and other gastrointestinal diseases. BMC Gastroenterol. 2014;14:184. doi: 10.1186/1471- 230x-14-184.
95. Cella D, Dobrez D, Glaspy J. Control of cancer-related anemia with erythropoietic agents: a review of evidence for improved quality of life and clinical outcomes. Ann Oncol. 2003;14(4):511–519. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdg167.
96. Littlewood T, Bajetta E, Nortier J, et al. Effects of epoetin alfa on hematologic parameters and quality of life in cancer patients receiving nonplatinum chemotherapy: results of a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2001; 19(11):2865–2874.
97. Kaltwasser J, Kessler U, Gottschalk R, et al. Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin and intravenous iron on anemia and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2001; 28(11):2430–2436.
98. Yasuda Y, Fujita Y, Matsuo T, et al. Erythropoietin regulates tumour growth of human malignancies. Carcinogenesis. 2003; 24(9):1021–1029. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgg126.
99. Arcasoy M, Amin K, Karayal A, et al. Functional significance of erythropoietin receptor expression in breast cancer. Lab Invest. 2002;82(7):911–918. doi: 10.1097/01.lab.00000 20415.72863.40.
100. Румянцев А.Г., Морщакова Е.Ф., Павлов А.Д. Эритропоэтин: диагностика, профилактика и лечение анемий. — М.; 2003. 448 с. [Rumyantsev AG, Morshchakova EF, Pavlov AD. Eritropoetin: diagnostika, profilaktika i lechenie anemii. Moscow; 2003. 448 p. (In Russ).]
101. Theurl I, Aigner E, Theurl M, et al. Regulation of iron homeostasis in anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Blood. 2009;113(21): 5277–5286. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-12-195651.
Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Анушенко А.О., Потапов А.С., Цимбалова Е.Г., Гордеева О.Б. Анемия при воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника у детей. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2016;15(2):128-140. https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v15i2.1530
For citation:
Anushenko A.O., Potapov A.S., Tsimbalova Y.G., Gordeeva O.B. Anemia in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Children. Current Pediatrics. 2016;15(2):128-140. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v15i2.1530
Просмотров: 975
Послать статью по эл. почте 
