Risk Factors for Obesity in Adolescents of Ethnic Groups in Rural Areas of the Republic of Buryatia: a Cross-Sectional Study

Background. Obesity develops as a result of interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The impact of environmental factors on the risk of obesity in children can be determined by socially conditioned causes.

Objective. Our aim was to identify the risk factors associated with  overweight/obesity in children of different ethnic groups living in  rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia.

Methods. The cross-sectional study included adolescents aged 11– 17 years. Overweight was considered to be the body mass index  (BMI) values exceeding the 85th percentile of distribution for a given sex and age, obesity was considered to be the BMI the 95th  percentile. We assessed the anthropometric measures of adolescents and their parents, socio-demographic characteristics, features of early history, eating behaviour, and lifestyle.

Results. The study included 151 adolescents of the indigenous Asian (girls — 39.7%) and 118 Slavic (girls — 42.4%) ethnic groups.  Overweight and obesity were detected in 53 (35%) and 36 (31%)  adolescents, respectively. Independent risk factors for  overweight/obesity in adolescents of both ethnic groups were BMI in  their mothers — odds ratio (OR) 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]  1.1–1.3) and 1.3 (95% CI 1.1–1.4), respectively; in adolescents of  indigenous Asian ethnic groups, infrequent food intake — OR 4.2  (95% CI 1.1–16.1), living in an incomplete family — OR 4.4 (95% CI 1.3–14.1), and motherhousewife — OR 3.6 (95% CI 1.3–9.7); in  adolescents of the Slavic ethnic groups — eating at night [OR 17.3  (95% CI 1.8–163.0)].

Conclusion. The risk factors for overweight/obesity in rural adolescents, regardless of their ethnicity, are overweight in mothers and irregular food intake of children. The risk factors for  adolescents of indigenous Asian ethnic groups include social (family- related) characteristics such as living in single-parent families and  families with non-working mothers.

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