Таргетное формирование микробиоты младенцев на искусственном вскармливании: современные возможности

В обзоре приводится анализ последних публикаций, посвященных расшифровке с помощью современных исследовательских технологий биологической значимости микробиома младенца. Оценены связи количественных и качественных характеристик микробиоты кишечника с отсроченными нарушениями здоровья. Рассмотрены различные концепции происхождения микробиома новорожденного, сроков и этапов бактериальной колонизации желудочно-кишечного тракта. Представлены данные о роли способа родоразрешения в формировании микробиоты младенца, в том числе значимость контаминации материнской вагинальной флорой, в составе которой онтогенетическая приоритетность принадлежит представителям рода лактобацилл. Установлено, что Lactobacillus fermentum выполняет роль стартовой микрофлоры, обеспечивающей условия для последующей успешной колонизации кишечника ребенка облигатными симбионтами. Подтверждена значимость грудного вскармливания в адекватном становлении микро-биоты. При вынужденном искусственном вскармливании целесообразно обогащение детских молочных смесей компонентами, способствующими селекции симбиотической микрофлоры, в том числе длинноцепочечными полиненасыщенными жирными кислотами, пребиотиками — олигосахаридами и пробиотиками направленного действия. Инновационная смесь, созданная на основе концепции синбиотик/комбиотик, сможет частично компенсировать нарушение формирования микробиоты младенца при вынужденном искусственном вскармливании.

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