Современные возможности грудного вскармливания недоношенных детей в неонатальном стационаре

Представлен обзор литературы по проблеме организации грудного вскармливания в неонатальных подразделениях стационаров, в том числе отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии новорожденных. Обоснована приоритетность грудного вскармливания для новорожденных с перинатальной патологией, поскольку грудное молоко для них жизненно необходимо в связи с его уникальными саногенетическими свойствами. Приведены доказательства особой профилактической и терапевтической значимости грудного вскармливания для младенцев, рожденных преждевременно. Проанализированы объективные причины, затрудняющие использование грудного молока в неонатальных стационарах, в том числе связанные с недостаточной бактериологической и вирусологической безопасностью нативного материнского молока при методологических ошибках его сбора и использования. Особое внимание уделено обеспечению безопасности грудного вскармливания в условиях пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции: в этот сложный период подтверждается целесообразность сочетания в перинатальных центрах двух стратегий грудного вскармливания — использования как материнского, так и донорского грудного молока. Отдельный раздел обзора посвящен современным технологиям сцеживания грудного молока: применение электрических клинических молокоотсосов является обязательным условием продвижения и поддержки грудного вскармливания в перинатальном центре.

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