Связь между кишечной микробиотой младенцев и их нервно-психическим развитием: систематическое обзорное исследование литературы по методологии scoping review

Обоснование. Долгосрочные эффекты микрофлоры толстой кишки или ее нарушений на здоровье человека остаются во многом неизученными. В частности, по-прежнему актуален вопрос связи кишечной микробиоты новорожденных и детей первых месяцев жизни с их нервно-психическим развитием в будущем. Цель исследования — провести систематическое обобщение результатов исследований связи микробиоты толстой кишки (ее видового состава в норме и при нарушениях) у новорожденных и детей первых месяцев жизни и их нервно-психического развития до достижения возраста 1 года. Методы. Поиск публикаций выполнен в базах данных Medline, Web of Science (WoS), Научная электронная библиотека (eLIBRARY.RU) и КиберЛенинка. Период публикации работ — с января 2001 по май 2022 г. (по декабрь 2021 г. в WoS). В обзор включали исследования, в которых изучали связь микробиоты толстой кишки новорожденных и детей первых месяцев жизни с их нервно-психическим развитием в возрасте до 1 года, наличием патологии нервной системы, нарушениями поведения и/или эмоциональной сферы. Язык публикации: русский, английский. Результаты. В обзор включены сведения из 9 исследований. Обобщены данные о связи микробиоты кишечника (ее состава и/или количества микроорганизмов) с нервно-психическим развитием в раннем возрасте. Заключение. Микробиота толстой кишки младенцев расценивается как новый неинвазивный биомаркер их нервнопсихического развития. Различия в дизайне опубликованных оригинальных исследований, включенных в систематическое обзорное исследование литературы, не позволяют оценить значение отдельных компонентов микробиоты для нервно-психического развития ребенка.

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