Breast Milk: Possible Mechanisms to Shape the Behaviour and Cognitive Functions of a Child
https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v17i5.1956
Abstract
The article discusses the possible relationship between breast milk oligosaccharides, the composition of the intestinal microbiota of an infant and his behaviour shaping. The data of research studies performed both on the model of laboratory animals and among children, devoted to the study of the effect of intestinal microbiota on shaping behavioural features and cognitive functions is presented.
About the Authors
Sergey E. UkraintsevRussian Federation
Moscow.
Disclosure of interest:
Sergey E. Ukraintsev holds the position of medical director at Nestle Russia LLC.
Nella S. Paramonova
Belarus
Disclosure of interest: Not declared
Irina A. Malyovannaya
Belarus
Disclosure of interest: Not declared
References
1. Netrebenko OK. Gut microbiota and brain: mutual influence and interaction. Pediatria. 2015;94(6):134–140. (In Russ).
2. Gareau MG, Wine E, Rodrigues DM, et al. Bacterial infection causes stress-induced memory dysfunction in mice. Gut. 2011; 60(3):307–317. doi: 10.1136/gut.2009.202515.
3. Bercik P, Denou E, Collins J, et al. The intestinal microbiota effect central levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and behavior in mice. Gastroenterology. 2011;141(2):599–609. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.052.
4. Carlson AL, Xia K, Azcarate-Peril MA, et al. Infant gut microbiome associated with cognitive development. Biol Psychiatry. 2018;83(2):148–159. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.06.021.
5. Mullen scales of early learning: AGS Edition [Internet]. Circle Pines, MN, USA: American Guidance Services; 1995 [cited 2018 Sep 12]. Available from: https://www.ecasd.k12.wi.us/student_services/assessments/MSEL-AGS.pdf.
6. Christian LM, Galley JD, Hade EM, et al. Gut microbiome composition is associated with temperament during early childhood. Brain Behav Immun. 2015;45:118–127. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.10.018.
7. Mulle JG, Sharp WG, Cubells JF. The gut microbiome: a new frontier in autism research. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2013;15(2):337. doi: 10.1007/s11920-012-0337-0.
8. Glasson EJ, Bower C, Petterson B, et al. Perinatal factors and the development of autism: a population study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61(6):618–627. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.61.6.618.
9. Kang DW, Park JG, Ilhan ZE, et al. Reduced incidence of Prevotella and other fermenters in intestinal microflora of autistic children. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e68322. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068322.
10. Rice D, Barone S Jr. Critical periods of vulnerability for the developing nervous system: evidence from humans and animal models. Environ Health Perspect. 2000;108 Suppl 3:511–533. doi: 10.1289/ehp.00108s3511.
11. Hennet T, Borsig L. Breastfed at Tiffany’s. Trends Biochem Sci. 2016;41(6):508–518. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.02.008.
12. Swallow DМ. Genetics of lactase persistence and lactose intolerance. Ann Rev Genet. 2003;37:197–219. doi: 10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.143820.
13. Makarova EG, Netrebenko OK, Ukraintsev S.E. Breast milk oligosaccharides: the history of discovery, structure and protective functions. Pediatria. 2018;97(4):152–160. (In Russ). doi: 10.24110/0031-403x-2018-97-4-152-160.
14. Sela DA. Bifidobacterial utilization of human milk oligosaccharides. Int J Food Microbiol. 2011;149(1):58–64. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.01.025.
15. Hetherington MМ. Understanding infant eating behavior — Lessons learned from observation. Physiol Behav. 2017;176: 117–124. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.022.
16. Eisenhofer G, Aneman A, Friberg P, et al. Substantial production of dopamine in the human gastrointestinal tract. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82(11):3864–3871. doi: 10.1210/jcem.82.11.4339.
17. Desbonnet L, Garrett L, Clarke G, et al. Effects of theprobiotic Bifidobacterium infantis in the maternal separation model of depression. Neuroscience. 2010;170(4):1179–1188. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.08.005.
18. Dhakal R, Bajpai VK, Baek KH. Production of gaba ( -aminobutyric acid) by microorganisms: a review. Braz J Microbiol. 2012;43(4): 1230–1241. doi: 10.1590/S1517-83822012000400001.
19. Duca FA, Swartz TD, Sakar Y, Covasa M. Increased oral detection, but decreased intestinal signaling for fats in mice lacking gut microbiota. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39748. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039748.
20. Swartz TD, Duca FA, de Wouters T, et al. Up-regulation of intestinal type 1 taste receptor 3 and sodium glucose luminal transporter-1 expression and increased sucrose intake in mice lacking gut microbiota. Br J Nutr. 2012;107(5):621–630. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511003412.
21. Erny D, Hrabe de Angelis AL, Prinz M. Communicating systems in the body: how microbiota and microglia cooperate. Immunology. 2017;150(1):7–15. doi: 10.1111/imm.12645.
22. Triantis V, Bode L, van Neerven RJ. Immunological effects of human milk oligosaccharides. Front Pediatr. 2018;6:190. doi: 10.3389/fped.2018.00190.
23. Urashima T, Odaka G, Asakuma S, et al. Chemical characterization of oligosaccharides in chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, orangutan, and siamang milk or colostrum. Glycobiology. 2009;19(5):499–508. doi: 10.1093/glycob/cwp006.
24. Scott KP, Martin JC, Duncan SH, Flint HJ. Prebiotic stimulation of human colonic butyrate-producing bacteria and bifidobacteria, in vitro. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2014;87(1):30–40. doi: 10.1111/1574-6941.12186.
25. Chua MC, Ben-Amor K, Lay C, et al. Effect of synbiotic on the gut microbiota of cesarean delivered infants: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017; 65(1):102–106. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001623.
26. fda. gov [Internet]. GRAS Exemption Claim for 2’-O-Fucosyllactose (2’-FL). GRAS Notice (GRN) No. 650 [cited 2018 Sep 30]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/NoticeInventory/ucm513832.pdf.
27. fda. gov [Internet]. GRAS Exemption Claim for Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT). GRAS Notice (GRN) No. 659 [cited 2018 Sep 30]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/downloads/food/ingredient-spackaginglabeling/gras/noticeinventory/ucm517673.pdf.
28. Riggs AD. Bacterial Production of Human Insulin. Diabetes Care. 1981;4(1):64–68. doi: 10.2337/diacare.4.1.64.
29. Safety of 2’-O-fucosyllactose as a novel food ingredient pursuant to Regulation (EC) № 258/97. EFSA Journal. 2015;13(7):4184. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4184.
30. Xiao L, Leusink-Muis T, Kettelarij N, et al. Human milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose improves innate and adaptive immunity in an influenza-specific murine vaccination model. Front Immunol. 2018;9:452. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00452.
31. Chaturvedi P, Warren CD, Altaye M, et al. Fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides vary between individuals and over the course of lactation. Glycobiology. 2001;11(5):365–372. doi: 10.1093/glycob/11.5.365.
32. Coppa GV, Pierani P, Zampini L, et al. Oligosaccharidesin human milk during different phases of lactation. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1999; 88(430):89–94. doi: 10.1080/080352599750029808.
33. Puccio G, Alliet P, Cajozzo C, et al. Effects of infant formula with human milk oligosaccharides on growth and morbidity: a randomized multicenter trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017;64(4):624–631. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001520.
34. Prieto PA. In vitro and clinical experiences with a human milk oligosaccharide, Lacto-N-neotetraose, and fructooligosaccharides. Foods Food Ingredients J Japan. 2005;210:1018–1030.
35. Liao Y, Weber D, Xu W, et al. Absolute quantification of human milk caseins and the whey/casein ratio during the first year of lactation. J Proteome Res. 2017;16(11):4113–4121. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00486.
36. Pannaraj PS, Li F, Cerini C, et al. Association between breast milk bacterial communities and establishment and development of the infant gut microbiome. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(7):647–654. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0378.
Review
For citations:
Ukraintsev S.E., Paramonova N.S., Malyovannaya I.A. Breast Milk: Possible Mechanisms to Shape the Behaviour and Cognitive Functions of a Child. Current Pediatrics. 2018;17(5):394-398. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v17i5.1956