Особенности лечения мочекаменной болезни у детей

Мочекаменная болезнь (МКБ) — заболевание, вызванное образованием камней в почках и различных отделах мочевыделительного тракта. Частота госпитализации детей с МКБ в мире имеет тенденцию к увеличению. Для эффективного лечения больных с МКБ и снижения риска развития рецидивов камнеобразования необходим адекватный выбор метода удаления конкремента и последующей терапии с учетом анализа состава мочевого камня и оценки метаболических нарушений. В обзоре рассмотрены оперативные (дистанционная литотрипсия, чрескожная нефролитотрипсия, ретроградная интраренальная хирургия, уретеролитотрипсия, лапароскопия, открытое оперативное лечение) и консервативные (литокинетическая и литолитическая терапия) методы лечения. Особое внимание уделено метафилактике, или предотвращению рецидивов, камнеобразования. Отмечено, что медикаментозное лечение детей с МКБ затрудняют большое число нежелательных реакций и сложности в определении дозировки препаратов у детей первых лет жизни, а все хирургические методы отличаются высоким риском развития послеоперационных осложнений. Показана актуальность исследований генетической природы МКБ у детей, роли изменений образа жизни в развитии болезни, разработки новых лекарственных препаратов для коррекции метаболических нарушений.

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