СИНДРОМ КАВАСАКИ С ПОРАЖЕНИЕМ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ СИСТЕМЫ: ОТДАЛЕННЫЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ

Синдром Кавасаки — острый системный васкулит неизвестной этиологии, встречающийся преимущественно у детей первых 5 лет жизни, — может представлять серьезную угрозу для здоровья и жизни пациентов не только в остром периоде заболевания, но и спустя многие годы. Наибольшее значение для прогноза имеет поражение коронарных артерий с образованием аневризм и высоким риском последующего тромбоза и/или стеноза коронарных артерий, которые могут привести к ишемии/инфаркту миокарда и внезапной смерти лиц молодого возраста. В статье освещены варианты отсроченных патологических изменений коронарных артерий. Аневризмы исчезают в среднем в 50–60% пораженных сегментов коронарных артерий в течение первых 2 лет после перенесенного заболевания. Вероятность исчезновения аневризм зависит от их диаметра, формы, локализации и возраста пациента. Гигантские аневризмы представляют наибольшую угрозу развития коронарного тромбоза и стеноза. Клинические последствия коронарного тромбоза варьируют от бессимптомного течения до инфаркта миокарда в зависимости от размера тромба, его локализации и расположения в аневризме. Вероятность возникновения коронарного стеноза зависит от размеров аневризм и возрастает по мере увеличения периода времени, прошедшего от начала заболевания. Также приведена информация о диагностических возможностях инструментальных методов исследования коронарных артерий, тактика динамического наблюдения и лечения реконвалесцентов с целью снижения риска развития угрожающих жизни осложнений. Изложенный материал основан на обобщении данных литературы и собственного опыта наблюдения 90 пациентов с синдромом Кавасаки, заболевших в 2004–2010 гг.

синдром Кавасаки, аневризмы, тромбоз и стеноз коронарных артерий, инфаркт миокарда

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