Clinical and Molecular Genetic Features of Autoinflammatory Syndromes in Children

Objective: Our aim was to study the prevalence and clinical features of autoinflammatory syndromes among patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Methods: A prospective nonrandomized study was conducted. All its members have been studied for mutations in TNFRSF1A and NLRP3 genes by the sequencing method. Results: 90 children (27 boys, 63 girls) aged from 1 to 17 (average age 8.2) years, with a guide diagnosis: «Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis», were examined. As a result, 10 (14%) patients showed mutations in TNFRSF1A gene, leading to the development of TRAPS-syndrome (8 had the most common mutation of R92Q; 3 — not previously described mutations in NLRP3 gene). 2 patients had the diagnosis of CINCA/NOMID Syndrome, 1 — Muckle–Wells Syndrome. In three cases, mutations leading to the development of TRAPS-syndromethe were identified in the first line of descent. Classical examples of autoinflammatory syndromes such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), and tumor necrosis factor receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS). The data about their pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment is presented. Conclusion: It is shown that early detection and adequate treatment of patients with autoinflammatory syndromes, characterized by severe disease and serious prognosis, is difficult due to lack of awareness of pediatricians and unavailability of genetic diagnosis of these syndromes. The necessity of the development of a universal model of the diagnostic algorithm for identification of autoinflammatory syndromes using next-generation sequencing technologies is grounded. 

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