BIRTH AND EARLY NEONATAL MORTALITY RATES OF ALL BORN ALIVE BABIES IN VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT AND EACH OF ITS CONSTITUENTS IN 1999–2003 ARE STUDIED. THE RESEARCH FINDINGS REVEAL THE LEADING ROLE OF EARLY NEONATAL MORTALITY RATES IN THE STRUCTURE OF REPRODUCTIVE LOSS.

KEY WORDS: BIRTH RATE, EARLY NEONATAL MORTALITY, INFANT MOR TALITY, PERINATAL MORTALITY, STRUCTURE OF REPRODUCTIVE LOSS.

THE STUDY EVALUATED THE IMPACT OF REFRACTORY JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS (JIA) AND INTERFERENCE OF ANTIRHEUMATIC THERAPY ON PHYSICAL STATURE AND GROWTH AND PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN. WE OBSERVED 133 PATIENTS WITH JIA WITH AGE FROM 4.6 TO 18 YEARS. WE ASSESSED PATIENTS' PHYSICAL STATURE (DOCUMENTING HEIGHT AND WEIGHT) AND FURTHER GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STARING FROM BIRTH, BEFORE THE ONSET OF JIA, AT THE FIRST YEAR FROM THE ONSET OF THE DISB EASE AND LATER ON. PHYSICAL RETARDATION WAS MARKED IN ALL CHILDREN IN THE FIRST YEAR FROM THE ONSET OF JIA. SYSTEMIC JIA, WHICH IS KNOWN FOR HIGH ACTIVITY AND POLYARTICULAR OR GENERALIZED JOINT LESION, WAS LINKED TO SIGNIFICANT PHYSICAL RETARDATION IN ALL CHILDREN WITH SYSBTEMIC JIA. LONGBTERM GLUCOCORTICOID ADMINISTRATION, EVEN AT LOW DOSES, ACCENTUATED THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF JIA ON GROWTH RESULTING IN MARKED GROWTH DELAY OR ITS' TOTAL ARREST. WE HAVE ELABORATED RISK FACTORS FOR SHORT STATURE IN CHILDREN WITH JIA, WHICH SUGGEST THERAPY GUIDELINES, PRESENTED IN THIS ARTICLE.

KEY WORDS: JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS, СHILDREN.

THE RESEARCHERS HAVE TESTED THE FIRST RUSSIAN LIQUID HUMAN MILK SUBSTITUTE PRODUCED BY OJSC «PETMOL» IN SAINTBPETERSBURG. THE MILK FORMULA «TYOMA» IS READY FOR USE. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE CONTENTS OF THE FORMULA MEET THE REQUIREMENTS SET FOR THE MODERN HUMAN MILK SUBSTITUTES FOR THE INFANTS. THE EXPERT INDICES APPRAISAL OF THE INGREDIENT PEROXIDATION SHOWED THE SAFETY OF THE PRODUCT FOR FEEDING THE INFANTS. THE RESEARCHERS HAVE CARRIED ON (UP TO 3 MONTHS) A VARIANT OF THE MILK FORMULA APPLICATION AMONG 50 INFANTS WITHIN THEIR FAMILIES AND IN THE HOSPITAL № 76 IN SAINTB PETERSBURG. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FEEDING AIDED BY THE MILK FORMULA «TYOMA» WAS ASSESSED BY THE RATES OF THE PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOMOTOR GROWTH OF THE INFANTS, AS WELL AS BY THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS. THE FINDB INGS OF THE RESEARCH DEMONSTRATED GOOD TOLERANCE OF THE MILK FORMULA «TYOMA», MAINTENANCE OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSISTENT PATTERNS OF THE GROWTH INHERENT TO INFANTS DURING THE NATURAL FEEDING. IN GENERAL, THIS INFORMATION ALLOWED THE RESEARCHERS TO SPEAK ABOUT THE HIGH BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF THE PRODUCT. THEY SHOWED AN OPPORTUNITY TO USE THE MILK FORMULA IN DIET THERAPY OF INFANTS, SUFFERING FROM OLIGOTROPHY OF PRIMARILY ALIMENTARY ORIGIN. THE AUTHORS EXAMINED THE INDICES OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY: IGA, IGМ, IGG, IGЕ, WHICH CORRESPONDED TO THE AGE PARAMETERS AMONG THE MAJORITY OF INFANTS. THUS, THE MODERN RUSSIAN ADAPTED LIQUID MILK FORMULA «TYOMA» MAY BE RECOMMENDED TO FEEDING OF THE INFANTS.

KEY WORDS: INFANTS, ARTIFICIAL FEEDING, LIQUID HUMAN MILK SUSTITUTES, PHYSICAL GROWTH.

THE AIM OF THE RESEARCH WAS TO ASSESS THE CLINIC EFFECTIVENESS OF A COMBINED APPLICATION OF SUCH VACCINES AS: ACTBHIB AND PNEUMO 23 (SANOFI PASTEUR, FRANCE) IN CHILDREN, WHO ARE PRONE TO FREQUENT AND PROLONGED RECURRENT OTITES MEDIA. DURING 2004 AND 2005, 153 CHILDREN AGED BETWEEN 2 AND 12 YEARS OLD WERE IMMUNIZED AND OBSERVED. THE CONTROL GROUP WAS MADE UP OF 30 CHILDREN, WHOSE PARENTS REFUSED TO PARTICIPATE IN VACCINATION. THE CHILDREN OF BOTH GROUPS WERE COMPARABLE. THE FINDINGS OF THE RESEARCH SHOWED HIGH PREVENTIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COMBINED IMMUNIZATION, WHICH PROVIDED A 3BFOLD REDUCTION OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS AND RECURRENT OTITES, A REDUCTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPY PRESCRIPTION BY MORE THAN 8 TIMES AND A REDUCTION OF H. INFLUENZAE AND PNEUMOCOCCUS CARRIAGE BY 9 TIMES. IN THE GROUP OF IMMUNIZED CHILDREN, THE RESEARCHERS OBSERVED A REDUCTION OF ADENOID VEGETATION AUXESIS, RECOVERY OF AUDITORY TUBE PASSABILITY IN 85% OF CASES ALONG WITH THE PRESSURE NORMALIZATION IN TYMPANIC CAVITY. THEREFORE, THESE FINDINGS ALLOW TO EXPAND INDICATIONS FOR THE COMBINED IMMUNIZATION BY VACCINES AGAINST HIBB AND PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION, AS WELL AS TO PURSUE IMMUNIZATION WITH PNEUMO 23 AND ACT-HIB VACCINES BY PNEUMO 23 AND ACTBHIB IN CHILDREN, WHO ARE PRONE TO FREQUENT AND PROLONGED RECURRENT OTITES MEDIA AND ADENOID VEGETATION AUXESIS.

KEY WORDS: VACCINATION, CHILDREN, H. INFLUENZAE, S. PNEUMONIAE, OTITES MEDIA.

The authors have conducted multicentric epidemiological research in 13 cities of russia to examine approaches of pediatricians to diagnostics and treatment hyperpiesis in childhood, which allowed the researchers to estimate their experience and knowledge. It has turned out that most pediatricians can not apply the knowledge in hyperpiesis diagnostics due to the absence of the agebdependent cuffs to measure hyperpiesis, as well as the skills to assess the hyperpiesis measurement findings along with centile tables use. Quality improvement of hyperpiesis diagnostics in childhood is possible by means of implementation of educational programs for the pediatricians on diagnostics and treatment of children, suffering from hyperpiesis.

Key words: child's hyperpiesis, epidemiology, diagnostics, children.

The aim of the present open research was to assess the montelukast efficiency among 41 children, suffering from bronchial asthma. the age of patients was between 6 and 15 years old. Clinical and functional efficiency of montelukast was noted among 85,4% of the patients. montelukast treatment contributed to the decrease of the bronchial asthma recrudescence frequency, reduction of the number of the used betab2bprotoganists, inhaled glucocorticosteroids and increase of tolerance towards the physical load.

Key words: bronchial asthma, montelukast, children, treatment.

The article deals with the research findings of the health status of 120 female teenagers, suffering from constitutive and exogenous obesity and 116 girls of the same age and standard weight. The authors gave complete characteristics for the somatic, psychic and psychological elements of the teenager's health. They have assessed the consumatory behaviour of the girls. It has been revealed that among all the examined patients with hyperphagia 6,7% are suffering from nervous bulimia. the researchers stress the importance of the comprehensive examination of the female teenagers, suffering from obesity, that effects the quality improvement of the medical treatment they receive.

Key words: constitutive and exogenous obesity, female teenagers, health status.

The reason for the low therapy efficiency of many gastrobduodenal diseases is the increasing resistance to the antibiotics helicobacter pylori (Н. pylori), which is conditioned by the mutations of its various genes. The most practical importance is attributed to the 23s RRNA mutations, underlying resistance to claritromicin. According to the international consensus maastrichtb3, the scheme of treatment with the inhibitor of the proton pump, claritromicin and metronidasol is recommended as the 1st line therapy. The present work assesses the resistance of Н. pylori to claritromicin aided by pcrbdiagnostics of the 23s RRNA mutation of rna in the biopsy material of the mucous coat of stomach and standard treatment scheme efficiency if compared with the onebantibiotic scheme – amoxicillin, bismuth and inhibitor of the proton pump. 68 children with Н. pylori bassociated diseases have been examined. The frequency of resistance of Н. pylori to claritromicin made up 28%. The standard 10bday long scheme of treatment was efficient among 14% of the patients, the 7bday long schemes with amoxicillin, bismuth and omeprazole were efficient among 40% of the patients, the 10bday long schemes with amoxicillin, bismuth and omeprazole were efficient among 75% of the patients; with omeprazole replaced by esomeprazole the efficiency was observed among 83% of the patients along with the good treatment tolerance.

Key words: helicobacter pylori, antibiotic resistance, eradication.

The article highlights the modern views on the nutritional support and energy supply for the premature neonates. In accordance with these viewpoints, the main source of energy is supposed to be lipids, which aside form all that, play the most important role in formation of biomembranes, cerebrum and organs of sight. In the meantime, premature neonates have poorly marked or virtually nonbexistent subcutaneous fat, which is called to be the main fat repository within the neonatal period, thus providing the body of a child with the required amount. Besides, the lipid uptake among premature infants is limited, resulting from the dismaturity of digestive apparatus. In this respect, breastfed children are in more favourable conditions. Women's milk is the only type of food, which is completely adjusted to «the limited capabilities» of the digestive functions of a neonate and meets all the needs of an infant as far as it relates to the food nutrients.

Key words: lipids, premature neonate, infants, bile acids, aliphatic acids

The article highlights the data of changes in the production line of the modern infant foodstuffs manufactured by Semper company. Along with that, it briefly describes the properties of each product and latest clinical investigations in the field of infant food.

Key words: children, infant food, human milk substitute, protein, iron

In the article the characteristic of ethiology and key parts of pathogenesis of inflammation is given; modern data on the role of adhesive molecules, active forms of oxygen, lipoperoxidation processes, cytokines and other mediators in the development of acute and chronic inflammation are analyzed; the principles of its treatment are substantiated.

Key words: inflammation, phlogogenic agents, alteration, adhesion molecules.

Sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome is a life bendangering sleep dis order among both adults and children. The prevalence of the sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome both in adult and pediatric population may be evaluated only approximately, as not all of the patients, suffering from this pathology, may call some adequate complaints, which, in their turn, help diagnose the disease. For example, only obstructive sleep apnea syndrome according to the data of British epidemiologists is met among the adults at the frequency rate, which can be compared with the prevalence of the bronchial asthma. Since metabolic acidosis caused by the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor of acetazolamide stimulates the ventilation of lungs, the researchers have set forth a supposition that the application of this medicine can be efficient to treat the respiratory disturbances in sleep. There is wide application of acetazolamide for the medicated correction of sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome of the central genesis among both adults and children. When using acetazolamide for the long term therapy of respiratory disturbances among adult patients, the main issue is the probable growth of tolerance towards the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor along with the continuous longbterm application of the medicine. In pediatry, quite on the contrary, the sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome is usually a transit problem of the early infancy and it does not require any longbterm drug therapy, which defines specifically high perspectives of the efficient and safe application of acetazolamide for the medicated correction of respiratory disturbances in sleep precisely within this category of patients.

Key words: apnea, hypopnea, sleep disorder, acetazolamide, children.

The article deals with the findings of the prospective observation of 43 infants, suffering from iron-deficient statuses — iron-deficient anemia and latent iron deficit. it was confirmed that prescription of the hydroxide and polymaltose iron iii complex (Ferrum LEK, LEK D.D., Slovenia) in the form of a syrup to the children, suffering from iron-deficient anemia (dosage: 5 mg/kg per day for 8–12 weeks) led to hemoglobulin normalization (main course). Full normalization of iron reserves in the body dependent on the anemia severity occurred, in case the treatment duration made up 12–20 weeks. Duration of efficient treatment of latent iron deficit (normalization of serumal ferritin level) by the medicine dosed at 2.5 mg/kg per day for 8 weeks. It has been noted that hydroxide and polymaltose iron iii complex is an efficient and safe antianemic medicine, which can not only eliminate the discernible iron-deficient anemia, but also jugulate the clinical aspects of latent iron deficit.

Key words: children, anemia, latent iron deficit, hydroxide and polymaltose iron III complex.

The authors have carried on the research of the influence Imudon exerts (during topical application) on the run of chronic tonsillitis among 48 children aged between 5 and 10 years old, being dispensary registrants. The sublingual application of a medicine 6 pills daily within 20 days demonstrated the frequency reduction of chronic tonsillitis acerbations by 2.9 times, as well as the reduction of total need in systemic antibacterial treatment by 10 times. Apart from that, the frequency of S. pyogenes group a exposure reduced by 3 times. The researchers noticed the tendency to normalization of pharynx biocenosis. Thus, Imudon may be recommended for the daily courses of treatment to the people, suffering from chronic tonsillitis, palatine tonsil auxesis and recurrent tonsillo-pharyngites.

Key words: chronic tonsillitis, children, prevention, bacterial lysates.

The article deals with the analytical findings of the mineral metabolism, bone metabolism and linear growth along with the bone strength of the infants dependent on the mother's calcium and vitamin D provision during pregnancy. The researchers have prospectively examined 160 mother–newborn infant pairs and 87 children for 6–8 months. They confirmed that infant's calcium and vitamin D provision depends on calcium and vitamin d contained in mother's body. Prophylaxis and correction of the calcium and vitamin D deficit in the mother's body will ensure necessary rates of the linear growth, mineral metabolism, and bone remodeling both during antenatal period and within the first 6–8 months, following the birth, increase the bone strength and reduce the frequency of rachitic and rachiticblike changes in the infant skeleton.

Key words: newborn infants, infants, calcium provision, bone metabolism, linear growth, bone strength.

The work deals with the findings of the 5byear observation after children, who have undergone glandular fever. The researchers have found out that among the majority of them there are clinical and hematological abnormalities of various degree of manifestation. The application of _b2b interferon contributes to the reduction of the acute period of glandular fever, although it doesn't always warn about the appearance of closest and distant manifestations.

 Key words: children, glandular fever, 2B interferon.

The article deals with the problem of infant feeding and physical growth of the premature infants. The researchers present the results of the dynamic prospective observation for 133 premature infants, who have been born with the body weight of not less than 2,000 g., and gestation period of less than 34 weeks. The researchers have examined physical growth of children, depending on the instrumentally visualized pathomorphological changes in the central nervous system, degree of prematurity and character of infant feeding. The research shows that the existence of pathomorphological changes in the central nervous system does not influence the rates of the infant physical growth. The use of new technologies of premature infant feeding contributes to the substantially big monthly additions of the body weight within the first six months of life and does not have any evident impact on the rates of the body weight additions within another six months of life. The rates of the height growth of the modern premature infants do not differ much from the corresponding indicators among the children, who were born in 1979. By the end of the first year of life, the number of children, who suffer from oligotrophy of the 1st or 2nd degree, is on the rise.

Key words: premature infants, addition of body weight and height growth, infants, infant feeding.

To improve the methods of prevention and treatment of viral papilloma infection, the researchers examined 80 children, suffering from skin forms of a disease. They examined peculiarities of a disease and interferon status of all the children. The data of clinic and laboratory research allowed them to assume that viral papilloma infection grows along with the reduction of immune mechanisms and it grows among the children, suffering from the genetic burden to viral diseases. All the patients, suffering from the disorder of interferon status, have undergone the complex therapy, which included medications of recombinant interferon (Viferon) in suppositories and extrinsic. For the first time, the researchers removed the skin papillomas by a combination method: cryofreezing and photovaporization. The analysis of treatment and observation within a year and a half showed that in a group of children, who received a combination treatment, including Viferon therapy and removal of verrucas by 2 surgical methods. No backset of a disease detected. In general, the findings of the research pointed out the high efficiency of topical and systemic Viferon medications, as well as combination method of verruca removal in complex treatment of viral papilloma skin infection among the children.

Key words: interferon status of children, interferon al'fa 2b, verrucas, viral papilloma infection.

(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii = Current pediatrics. 2006;5(5):102-103)

(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii = Current pediatrics. 2006;5(5):104-105)

(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii = Current pediatrics. 2006;5(5):105)

(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii = Current pediatrics. 2006;5(5):111-112)

(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii = Current pediatrics. 2006;5(5):116-119)