Inpatient care for children has been considered to play an important role and to be influential in Russian healthcare system. However, a long lasting extensive development of health care system lacking sufficient finance and recourses has created a gap between the healthcare structure and capacity to provide healthcare and the needs of qualitative healthcare in the population. High number of limited ability hospitals without appropriate recourse base has already had its's day as a stage of inpatients care development. These hospitals could not provide a base for modern technology implementation and provision of present day high b quality medical care. Moreover, the current mechanism of financing «the hospital bed» but the patient has hampered medical care intensification and implementation of new technologies through loss of result orientation in medical specialists. Elaboration of efficacious means to optimize inpatient care would allow to control the rates assessing TH children's health in the country's population and to promote medical, social and economic efficacy of the inpatient care system.

Key words: inpatient care, healthcare quality.

The article presents objectives for provision of primary health and sanitary care for children in present day Russian federation. The article lists and discloses the content of basic normative documents regulating organization of primary medical and sanitary care in the children's healthcare system.

Key words: primary health and sanitary care, children, orientation and objectives of health care, municipal institutions structure.

In 1996 in Primorski territory the first strides were made on the popularization of breast feeding, rooming; in 1998 the center of protection, support and popularization of breast feeding was established. Now in the territory there are nine obstetrics institutions which are titled «friendly to the child hospital». In Arsenyev city all obstetrics and children's institutions have this title. This approach let decrease morbidity, especially of the diseases related with a feeding pattern (infectious and parasitic diseases, blood diseases, disorders of the endocrine system, respiratory, digestive and urogenital organs). Whereas the common sickness rate of children under one year in Primorski territory had increased from 1996 to 2005 by 17,3%, in Arsenyev — by 15,2%. The illness ratio of children under one year in Arsenyev had been changed: the incidence of diseases, directly or indirectly related with the feeding kind, had decreased: pneumonia — 12,3 times (from 2,22 to 0,18%), enteric infections — 1,96 times (from 0.51 to 0,26%).

Key words: breast feeding, morbidity of children under one year, «friendly to the child hospital».

In the article the data on the study of the etiological factors of various types of chronic gastritis in children are presented. Based on revealing of the auto antibodies to parietal gastric cells in 40,0% of children autoimmune gastritis (a type gastritis) is diagnosed. Helicobacterr pylori infection is revealed in 44,8% of children. In 27,6% of children type c gastritis is diagnosed. Autoimmune gastritis in children has been linked to the active phase of chronic epsteinbbarr virus infection. the etiological factors of nonautoimmune gastritis are Helicobacter pylori infection (type b gastritis) and multiple duodenogastric refluxes (type c gastritis).

Key words: children, chronic gastritis, etiological factors, autoimmune gastritis, nonautoimmune gastritis, active phase of chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection, Helicobacter pylori infection.

Chronic glomerulonephritis remains the leading cause of formation of chronic renal insufficiency, which creates the necessity of looking for new ways of the progress impediment. In the last few years considerable interest was aroused in the study of the endothelium state, especially taking into account a wide spectrum of its physiologically important functions. The term «endothelial dysfunction» came into existence, its decisive importance in the pathogenesis of the development and progressing of the atherob sclerotic process, arterial hypertension was proven. Extensive studies are underway to establish the role of the endothelial dysfunction in case of chronic inflammatory diseases, including chronic glomerulonephritis. This article summarizes the modern views on the involvement of endothelial dysfunction markers (nitric oxide, endothelinb1, molecules of vascular cytoadherenceb1, von willebrand factor, inhibitor of plasminogenb1 activator) in the pathogenesis of chronic glomerulonephritis.

Key words: endothelial dysfunction, nitric oxide, endothelin, molecule of vascular cytoadherence-1, von willebrand factor, inhibitor of plasminogen-1 activator.

This article sites modern principles and theoretical substantiation of pharmacotherapy by methotrexate in patients with juvenile arthritis. Particular emphasis has been placed on parenter al methods of drug introduction, as the possibility of therapy effectiveness increase. A variety of adverse reactions is outlined, recommendations on their monitoring and overcoming are made. The importance of duration and continuity of therapy is emphasized for the realization of disease modifying influence on clinical course. Algorithms of methotrexate use in various variants of juvenile arthritis are presented.

Key words: methotrexate, juvenile arthritis, treatment, children.

Resume the up tob date pharmacological and clinical findings have revealed new opportunities for the use of known for a long time pharmaceutical agents in various fields of practical medicine. For more than 50 years acetozolamide, systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, has been used in neurology to correct liquorodynamic disorders. High clinical efficacy and good tolerb ability in longbterm use has made acetazolamide an essential agent in pediatric neurology, along with this the true therapeutic application of acetazolamide is much wider than it was traditionally thought. This review analyzes the experience of administration of the drug in different branches of pediatric neurology, including those where acetazolamide has been traditionally used along with novel applications to administration of the drug in children.

Key words: acetozolamide, carboanhydrase, children, sleep apnea syndrome, glaucoma, hydrocephaly, episodic ataxia type II, migraine, intracranial idiopathic benign hemiplegic hypertension.

In the article the characteristic of ethiology and key parts of pathogenesis of inflammation is given; modern data on the role of adhesive molecules, active forms of oxygen, lipoperoxidation processes, cytokines and other mediators in the development of acute and chronic inflammation are analyzed; the principles of its treatment are substantiated.

Key words: inflammation, phlogogenic agents, alteration, adhesion molecules.

The article is dedicated to one of the most widespread functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract — irritable bowel syndrome. Ethiology, pathogenesis, modern classification of the syndrome, principles and methods of treatment of irritablebowel syndrome with diarrhea usually predominating are described.

Key words: irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea, diosmektite, children, adolescents.

In the article the data on the morbidity of respiratory diseases (rd) in the children of Saint Petersburg are presented, the significance of rd in children's pathology is estimated. The expediency of application of macrolides in the treatment of outpatient pneumonia is substantiated. the data on postmarketing clinical research of the azithromycin («sumamed») effectiveness in the treatment of moderate severe pneumonia in outpatient children are presented. High effectiveness of azithromycin as a starting antibacterial drug is pointed, as well as an alternative means for moderate severe variants of outpatient pneumonia. High efficiency of the combined antibacterial therapy with the application of azithromycin in severe variants of disease is revealed. Safety of azithromycin usage in frequently ill children with concomitant pediatric pathology is noted.

Key words: pneumonia, children, antibacterial therapy, azithromycin.

66 children with atopic dermatitis aged 1B2 years and 21 children as A control group were examined in an effort to study the impact of cetirizine on the concentration of scd14 in case of allergic disbeases in children. 33 children with atopic dermatitis had referbences in anamnesis on obstructive bronchitis. Children with atopic dermatitis were divided into 3 approximately equal groups — the first group took cetirizine during 2 weeks, the second group — during 4 months, for the third group cetirizine was not given. The level of sCD14 was determined in children's blood by immuneb enzyme analysis method before treatment, directly after treatment with cetirizine and in 2 months after it. In children with allergic diseases the level of sCD14 was 50% lower than in children with out allergy. The short course of cetirizine treatment transiently reduced clinical presentations of atopic dermatitis, but didn't have effect on sCD14 content. Prolonged therapy with cetirizine not only improved the condition of children with atopic dermatitis and decrease the occurrence of obstructive bronchitis in these cases, but also resulted in considerable increase in the concentration of sCD 14 in blood of these patients. We presume the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of cetirizine in allergic diseases in many respects are conditioned by its capacity to improve functions of macrophages in response to infectious and allergic stimuli.

Key words: sCD 14, atopic dermatitis, cetirizine, children, treatment.

In the article the problems of classification, diagnostics and treatment of allergic rhinitis in children are viewed, the therapy with local antihistamines is detailed. The state of bronchial reactivity in children with allergic rhinitis has been studied, the methods of the prophylaxis of bronchial asthma progress are discussed.

Key words: allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, azelastine, children, treatment.

The complex mechanism of development of bronchoobstructive bronchitis in chronic nonspecific lung diseases in children and its effective therapy with the compound bronchodilator berodual are discussed. Berodual comprises b₂-adrenoreceptor agonist — fenoterol and anticholinergic drug — ipatropium bromide, that amplify bronchodilatory action of each other. Indications, contraindication and intake peculiarities are illustrated.

Key words: chronic nonspecific lung diseases, bronchoob structive syndrome, bronchodilators, children.

In the article one of the actual problems of neonatology and children's gastroenterology — functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in newborn babies and infants is covered. The pathogenesis of digestive organs dysfunction, the classification and clinical characteristic of gastrointestinal disorders, the diagnostic possibilities and the correction of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract are presented.

Key words: newborn babies, dysfunctions of the gastroin testinal tract, premature babies, diarrhea, regurgitation, constipation.

The article is dedicated to the history and making of videocapsular endoscopy world wide and in Russia. The working principles of the videocapsule and all system of video capsular endoscopy are described. Indications and contraindications to its application are defined. Analysis of information value of videocapsular endoscopy is carried out as compared to other kinds of visual diagnostic methods of examination of digestive organs. Specific clinical examples showing the effectiveness of performing of videocapsular endoscopy are given.

Key words: videocapsular endoscopy, diagnostics, gastroin testinal tract pathology, children.

The article reports a case of highly active SLE and lupusbnephritis in a 15 years old boy, who was treated with mycophenolate mophetyl the case was notable for high activity and aggressive course of the disease with rapid development of renal unsufficiency, polyorganic unsufficiency and antiphospholipid syndrome. Although the patient received an appropriate active therapy, including synchronized therapy (consisting of timebrelated plasmopherresis and infusions of cyclophosphamide and metyl prednisolone), glucocorticoides, preparations improving blood circulation (pentoxyphillin, dipiridamol, heparine), intravenous immunoglobulins, the disease activity control was unsufficient. The administration of mycophenolate mophetyl has led to diminuition of the disease activity, which was registered at the end of the second week of treatment, and finally has reached a level of clinical and laboratoty remission of the disease.

Key words: systemic lupus erythematosus, mycophenolate mophetyl, children, treatment.

The article outlines the principal historical periods of the oldest pediatric institution in Russia - since it was established as Moscow founding hospital to present days. The authors claims that the Scientific Center Of Children's Health of Russian academy of medical sciences has become a proximate successor to Moscow founding hospital.

Key words: Moscow founding hospital, baby care hospital, Sciеntific Institute of Maternity and Infancy Care, Scientific and Research Pediatric Institute.

The article outlines data on traditional folk «pediatrics» in Russia, covering attitude to children, ways of taking care for a child, means of treatment and prophylaxis of children's diseases. The article reviews the protosourses, investigating the treatment manuscripts kept in the national library of St. Peterburg: the treatment manuscript of the end of XVII century from the collection of Titov, the treatment manuscript of 1656, the grand home apotheque of Gurchin Daniil (1708); The Fresh Vertograd of the end of XVII — the beginning of XVIII centuries and others.

Key words: children, history of medicine.