Self-plagiarism  is one of the most controversial  issues faced by participants in the publication process (authors, editors, reviewers). The article presents a brief analysis on the professional editorial communities' position on the problem. We give both comments and recommendations on formulation of the academic journal editorial policy. The paper provides the examples when the self-plagiarism is acceptable (minor copying of a few sentences, source fully and clearly referenced). In addition, it is pointed out that self-plagiarism can bear reputational and legal risks to an academic journal. Authors should consider this aspect when interacting with editors and reviewers.

The article reviews the results of scientific researches published over the past few years that confirm the significant socioeconomic burden of rotavirus infection and its significant contribution to the morbidity and mortality of the world’s children’s population. The authors presented evidence of the effectiveness of immunization in the routine schedule of preventive vaccinations of infants in both developed and developing countries. A significant reduction in mortality and admissions due to severe forms of rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first years of introduction of rotavirus vaccination was shown, which marked a positive trend in the development of health care.

Every year, an increase in the incidence of enterovirus infection is registered everywhere, including Coxsackie viruses. Parents of sick children are often very uneasy considering these viruses to be extremely dangerous and the disease to be severe one, with possible adverse consequences.  The situation is exacerbated  by many mass media that inform about the epidemic of Coxsackie virus, which causes  a terrible  disease.  The article gives main characteristics  of microorganisms,  modes  of infection,  clinical manifestations  of enterovirus infections as well as measures for prevention and treatment.

Background. Body weight gain and growth retardation are common side effects of prolonged glucocorticosteroid  therapy in children. Time for the appearance  and elimination of glucocorticosteroid  obesity  as well as growth disorders  require further investigations.

Objective.  Our aim was to study the relationship between glucocorticosteroid  therapy and changes in physical development indices of children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS).

Methods. We carried out a retrospective study of case records of patients with SSNS hospitalized in 2011–2014.  Treatment of children was carried out in accordance with the Federal Clinical Guidelines. The Z-score (ANTHRO Plus) was determined for body length (height), body weight, body mass index and correlation of physical development indices with a cumulative dose and duration of glucocorticosteroid  therapy.

Results.  We analyzed data on the treatment of 31 children, 18 of them received glucocorticosteroids  for 6 months (Group 1), 13 of them did not receive glucocorticosteroids       6 months (Group 2). The Z-score  of body weight in children in these groups was 1.64 ± 1.54 and 0.05 ± 1.19 (p = 0.004), Z-score  of body mass index was 1.85 ± 1.64 and -0.54 ± 1.14, respectively (p < 0.001). Excess body weight and obesity were only observed in children of Group 1 (in 6 and 9, respectively).  The Z-score  of the body length of patients in groups 1 and 2 were comparable and did not differ from normal values (0.34 ± 1.08 and 0.52 ± 1.12, respectively, p = 0.655). Correlation of Z-score values of the body length and cumulative doses of glucocorticosteroids was noted (r = -0.87, p < 0.001).

Conclusion. Long-term (at least 6 months) glucocorticosteroid intake is associated with the development of overweight and obesity in most children with SSNS. In patients who did not use hormonal drugs for 6 months, normal body weight values were recorded. The height of children with SSNS was within the range of normal values.

Preservation and prolongation of the lactation period is not only a guarantee of the child's full physical and mental development but also one of the most important methods for reducing the risk of developing breast cancer. Problems with the mammary gland nipple in a woman in the early postnatal period lead to a refusal of lactation. We carried out a retrospective analysis (period from 2010 to 2016) of the causes of traumatizing mammary gland nipples in the early postnatal period in 172 women (mean age 29.1 ± 4.3 years). Methods of prevention and treatment of nipple injuries in the early postnatal period have been offered for the lactation period prolongation.

The article presents modern, scientifically substantiated approaches to the introduction of complementary feeding in healthy breastfed infants as well as in infants with overweight and various diseases — atopic dermatitis (food allergy), protein-energy deficiency in the context of chronic cardiovascular insufficiency syndrome, neurological disorders, celiac disease. The peculiarities of various complementary foods are demonstrated in clinical examples.

The article presents  a case  of a severe  progressive  course  of polyarticular  juvenile idiopathic arthritis,  debuting  at an early age, refractory to the therapy with methotrexate, cyclosporine, and glucocorticosteroids.  A clinical example demonstrates that switching to the second TNF  inhibitor in the case of developing secondary resistance to the first drug from this group provides restoration of the therapeutic effect and is not accompanied by serious adverse events. Six months after switching to adalimumab, due to the «escape» of the effect of etanercept, the inflammatory changes in the patient were reversed; the volume of movements in the joints increased, and the laboratory parameters of the disease activity were normalized. After 1 year, there was a remission of the disease. The child managed to completely eliminate glucocorticosteroids for oral ingestion. The duration of the joint syndrome remission was 3 years. Adverse events were not serious and did not become a basis for drug withdrawal.

The  article  presents  a case  of  polyarticular  juvenile  idiopathic  arthritis  resistant  to  methotrexate  therapy  and  nonsteroidal  antiinflammatory drugs.  The child was prescribed  a tumor necrosis  factor   inhibitor etanercept  at a dose  of 0.4 mg/kg body weight2 times/week. The treatment  with etanercept  induced remission of the disease, ensured the function restoration  in the joints. The predictors  of a good response  to etanercept  were the younger  age, the short  course  of the disease,  the use of a small number of immunosuppressants  before prescription of etanercept, the absence of concomitant use of glucocorticosteroids,  and the absence of uveitis.

Autosomal recessive  peripheral neuropathy with neuromyotonia  (ARAN-NM)  is a relatively newly described  disease associated  with mutations  in the HINT1 gene.  It accounts  for a significant  part of the poorly  differentiated  forms  of axonal polyneuropathies.  We present the first in Russia description of the genetically confirmed case of ARAN-NM in a boy aged 14 years and 11 months without the hereditary-tainted anamnesis. On presentation,  the patient experienced  progressive  distal muscular weakness, asymmetric foot deformity,  gait disorders  and minimal manifestations  of neuromyotonia  (stiffness  in the fingers).  During examination,  we detected an increase in the level of creatine phosphokinase up to 635 U/l, a disturbance of conduction of motor and, to a lesser extent, sensory fibers  of  the  peripheral  nerves  (according  to  the  stimulation  electromyography,  EMG),  denervation-reinnervation  changes,  single positive acute waves, fibrillation potentials, complex repeated discharge (according to the data of needle EMG). In the study of exome, a homozygous mutation c.110G>C, p.R37P was determined in exon 01 of the HINT1 gene, which confirmed the presence of ARAN-NM. A molecular-genetic  examination of the patient's immediate relatives was carried out. The described case is compared with literature data. An overview of currently available information on ARAN-NM is provided. Diagnostic criteria of the disease are presented.

Considering the colossal frequency of infectious diseases among children, pediatricians face the task not only to cure the patient but also to do this as soon as possible with an individual approach to each child. One of the main aspects of diagnosis in febrile children is the differentiation  of a bacterial infection from viral one in order  to assign timely antibiotic therapy to one patient and to prevent excessive assignment to others. In addition, an important point is to identify the category of patients with a severe bacterial infection, which requires  the most  attention.  The article reveals  the main points  of a differential  diagnosis  of bacterial  and viral infections, considering clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters: the concentration of procalcitonin, C-reactive  protein, and leukocytes. The limits of procalcitonin values for various nosological forms and the possibility of their use in terms of the appointment, continuation or replacement of antibacterial therapy in pediatric practice are described.