We bring to the attention of the authors brief guidelines for preparation of manuscripts containing description of the results of diagnostic studies. More detailed explanations are given in the corresponding template (http://vsp.spr-journal.ru/jour/about/submissions). Presentation  of  the  manuscript  in  the  format  of  the  specified  template  is  a  prerequisite  for  its  consideration  and  subsequent publication in the journal «Current Pediatrics» («Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii»).

The article is devoted  to the issues  of introducing  complementary  foods  as prevention  of atopy  and diet therapy in children with food allergy. Food sensibilization,  as a rule, is the initial link of allergy manifestations.  It represents  the first step of the so-called atopic  march,  followed  by  possible  development  of more  severe,  including  respiratory,  manifestations.  Considering  the  fact  that allergic diseases  are currently one of the most common pathologies with a growing tendency,  the correct choice of foods and the timely introduction of complementary foods are relevant, especially for children with hereditary tainted allergies. These products should be as safe as possible, should not cause sensibilization and at the same time should provide the child with the necessary macroand micronutrients. The publication provides an overview of the most relevant studies conducted in this field as well as a modern approach based on evidence-based  medicine and presented in the clinical guidelines on food allergy in children developed and approved by the professional association «Union of Pediatricians of Russia».

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence  of food allergies. Pathological conditions associated  with a food intolerance are becoming an increasingly urgent problem of pediatrics. According to different researchers, allergic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract occurs in 25–50% of patients with such common pathology as an allergy to cow's milk proteins. The severity of diseases  associated  with food allergies and their prognosis  depend largely on early diagnosis and adequate treatment. Difficulties and errors  in the diagnosis  of gastrointestinal  food allergies  are associated  with both subjective  and objective  reasons,  primarily due to the fact that gastrointestinal  reactions to food are often delayed and non-IgE-mediated. The article describes clinical forms of gastrointestinal food allergy according to the existing classification. Diagnostic algorithms and modern approaches  to differential diagnosis of disease based on evidence-based  medicine and corresponding to international consensus papers are given.

Background. Vitamin D is a significant risk factor for atherogenic disorders. It is of interest to study the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the components of the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and markers of chronic inflammation in different age groups.

Objective.  Our aim was to study association of the components  of the metabolic syndrome and pro-atherogenic  metabolic disorders with vitamin D levels in children and adolescents.

Methods. In a cross-sectional (one-stage) study, the serum 25(OH)D level in children and adolescents was determined. The relationship between the 25(ОН)D level and the presence of the metabolic syndrome was assessed in quartile groups.

Results. The study included 319 children and adolescents (49% — girls) aged 10–15 years. In the quartile I in terms of the 25(ОН)D level, higher (as compared with the quartile IV) mean level values of insulin (11.5 ± 6.3 and 7.3 ± 4.0 mmol/L, p <0.001), HOMA index (2.4 ± 0.8 and 1.6 ± 0.7, p <0.001), body mass index (22.6 ± 4.3 and 19.3 ± 3.9 kg/m², p = 0.012), waist circumference (68 ± 11 and 61 ± 12 cm, p = 0.034), blood concentration of C-reactive protein (2.3 ± 1 and 0.9 ± 0.7 mg/ml, p <0.001), diastolic blood pressure (70 ± 7 and 65 ± 6 mm Hg, р = 0.028), uric acid (0.29 ± 0.06 and 0.21 ± 0.06 mmol/L, р = 0.021), glucose (4.8 ± 0.6 and 4.6 ± 0.6 mmol/L, p = 0.011), triglycerides (0.86 ± 0.37 and 0.72 ± 0.31 mmol/L, р = 0.017), and lower mean level values of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (1.38 ± 0.36 and 1.58 ± 0.31 mmol/L, p = 0.011) were noted. Multivariate regression analysis showed an independent  relationship between the 25(ОН)D level, C-reactive  protein level (β = -0.55,  p <0.001),  and HOMA index (β = -0.96, p < 0.001).

Conclusion. A low vitamin D level in the blood serum in children is associated with the components of the metabolic syndrome.

Background. Patients with malignant oncohematological diseases (OHD) may have such symptoms as fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly,  joint pain, arthritis, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive  protein (CRP) concentration, anemia that require differentiation from clinical implications of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA).

Objective.  Our aim was to determine diagnostic criteria that can differentiate  rheumatic masks of OHD from sJIA.

Methods.  The retrospective  study included 86 children with sJIA and 21 children with OHD who had rheumatic masks and were hospitalized in rheumatological departments with an initial diagnosis of sJIA. OHD were represented  by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 17), neuroblastoma (n = 1), and lymphomas (n = 3).

Results. Blast cells in the peripheral blood test were detected in 9/17 (53%) patients with acute leukemia at different times from the appearance of complaints and hospitalization. Diagnostic criteria for differentiating OHD from sJIA were the number of active joints  3 (diagnostic odds ratio, OR, 4.4, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.5–13.2), CRP concentration < 15 mg/L (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.7–18.4), platelets     307   10⁹/L (OR 22.9, 95% CI 4.9–107.0), white blood cells     8.9   10⁹/L (OR 50.2, 95% CI 6.3–401.3), albumin > 43.3% (OR 28.8, 95% CI 5.6–149.2),  absence of exanthema (OR 39.8, 95% CI 8.4–188.5).  The most frequent symptoms with the greatest specificity were night pain (sensitivity 0.57, specificity 1.0), bone pain (sensitivity 0.95, specificity 1.0), pathological fractures (sensitivity 0.14, specificity 1.0).

Conclusion. The identified diagnostic criteria can be used for differential diagnosis of OHD with rheumatic masks and sJIA.

Background. There is no doubt that it is necessary to study the efficiency of milk formulas that are introduced into the Russian market of baby food. This applies to both new products and known brands of formulas whose composition is subject to change.

Objective. Our aim was to assess the clinical efficacy of the adapted goat's milk formula in the diet of young infants.

Methods. We conducted a prospective comparative study with healthy full-term  children aged 0–5 months being on a formula (main group) or breast feeding (comparison group). The tolerability of the adapted goat's milk formula, the dynamics of anthropometric indicators, changes in body composition as well as microscopic characteristics  of stool and general clinical and biochemical parameters  of peripheral blood were assessed after 1 month.

Results. Good tolerability of the goat's milk formula was noted in 184 (96.8%) of 190 children in the main group. In the course of taking the product, the proportion of children with functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract decreased significantly from 57 (30%) to 27 (14%) (p < 0.001). Physical development,  complete blood count results, the levels of ferritin, prealbumin and 25(OH)D in children of the main group and the comparison group (n = 71) were comparable and were within the mean age parameters. Qualitative analysis of the level of specific IgE to goat's milk proteins did not reveal any sensibilization in any of the children receiving the milk formula, either at the beginning of the study or after 1 month of taking the product.

Conclusion. The studied adapted goat's milk formula can be used in nutrition of young infants in cases of lack or absence of mother's milk.

Background. Mare's milk is a promising source for making baby food products.

Objective. Our aim was to assess the nutritional value, fatty acid and ascorbic  acid content in mare's milk and its products  as well as the possibility of their use in baby food.

Methods. Mare's milk and its products  — drinking milk, yogurt, fermented  milk product  and curds — are taken as targets of research.  The content of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and caloric content is determined in the products. The fatty acid composition is studied by gas chromatography,  the content of vitamin C — by high-performance  liquid chromatography.  When calculating the daily intake of dairy and fermented milk products for children aged 1–11 years, the recommendations of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia as well as the norms of physiological needs were used.

Results.  It has been found that mare's milk products are energy-restricted.  Inclusion of mare's milk products in the diet of children aged 12–23 months will meet the need for omega-6 by 15–34%, for omega-3 by 15–23%, for vitamin C by 39.6–57.3% of the recommended  daily dose. For children aged 2–11 years, daily consumption of 200 ml of yogurt based on mare's milk provides a daily dose of omega-6 by 4.3–14.5%, of omega-3 by 6.4–12.0%, of vitamin C by 23.8–31.7% of the recommended daily dose. Conclusion. The study results indicate that it is advisable to include fermented mare's milk products in the diet of children aged 1–11 years.

Haemophilus influenzae infection in children is detected as sporadic cases and is characterized by polymorphism of clinical symptoms (rhinopharyngitis, purulent meningitis, acute epiglottitis, panniculitis, etc.), which complicates an early diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. In young children, Haemophilus influenzae infection (type b) often occurs in generalized forms and may result in death. The article presents  literature data and the results of own clinical observations  of Haemophilus influenzae cases that occurred with an aspect of purulent meningitis and panniculitis in young children. The tactics of a complex therapy and ways to prevent Haemophilus in fluenzae infection are discussed.

The article presents the classification of intraventricular hemorrhages  (IVH) contained in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), the 10th revision. The classification of IVH developed over 30 years ago is now obsolete. The contradictions discovered in the classification of IVH are considered. The neurosonographic basis of this classification is underlined and its morphological variant is proposed, which should become the basic one for both neuroimaging and for all clinical diagnostics. Based on the analysis, it was suggested to exclude any classification of IVC from the ICD of a new revision.

Screening health examinations of children are a powerful tool for monitoring the health of the younger generation, in other words, it is an active method of dynamic monitoring of children's health. The objective of screening is early detection of disorders with further linkage to care, follow-up care, and comprehensive treatment of patients. Currently, the Russian Federation has a regulatory document on the conduct of preventive periodic and preliminary examinations (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No.1346). The problem is the lack of time and resources, which leads to a formal approach to this necessary part of preventive measures. The article suggests ways out of the current situation that would satisfy both the heads and the district pediatricians themselves.

Although the article is a muddled one, it is nothing but a cry from the heart of the pediatrician, who forcing herself fulfills (or tries to fulfill) the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No.1346 dated December 21, 2012. The author raises a number of questions and gives her answers to them. But before analyzing critical comments of the author and her offers, we should dwell on a number of statements on which her conclusions are based.