Authors present an experience of healthcare system of St.-Petersburg in organization of emergency to newborns. Staging of forming of neonatological emergency service and introduction of modern organizational and high-technology methods resulted in success in early neonatal and infant mortality.

Key words: newborns, infant mortality, emergency, organization.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):7-10)

Arterial hypertension (AH) is one of main risk factors of cardiovascular pathology development and one of leading causes of death in the world. At the state level the adequate attention is paid only to the problem of AH in adult population. There is clear lack of regulatory basis in the field of diagnostical peculiarities, prophylaxis and stages of medical service provision to children and adolescents with arterial hypertension. The article shows a data of Tomsk register of AH in children and adolescents. Authors discuss questions of organization of medical service to the patients with this disease.

Key words: children, adolescents, arterial hypertension, register.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):12-14)

The article presents a data on creation of social associations of mothers — groups of maternal supporting of breast feeding in continuation with international initiative «Baby-Friendly Hospital» of WHO/UNICEF in Russia. As breast feeding is mostly a medical problem usual for medical personnel in obstetrical and children’s medical institution (obstetricians-gynecologists, neonatologists, pediatricians), there is a question on legality of such groups’ presence and its competence, relations to medical personnel, forms of work. The Soviet public health had wide experience of successful collaboration of public activists of Russian Red Cross Society and Health Care Administrations in performance of prophylactic and health-improving measures and hygienic education among population. Successful activity of voluntary associations supporting breast feeding depends on collaboration with medical personnel, development of scientifically-based programs of mothers-consultants education, and presence of informational, methodical and hygienical educational materials.

Key words: breast feeding, groups of maternal support.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):15-18)

The article is dedicated to the study of QUALIN questionnaire of infants’ quality of life born in critical state. 47 children were examined: 19 were born in critical state and 28 were conditionally healthy. It was shown that children born in critical state and treated in intensive care departments for a long time have lower quality of life during the first year of life than healthy children. A decrease of quality of life in children born in critical state may be related to the worse health state after severe diseases.

Key words: infants, quality of life, QUALIN questionnaire.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):20-22)

Development of effective and safe methods of treatment of juvenile ankylosing spondyloarthritis is one of topical problems of modern rheumatology. At the same time, the number of antirheumatic drugs used for the treatment of this disease is limited. It is necessary to widen a range of immunosuppressive medications for inclusion of genetically engineered biological agents. The objective of performed open-labeled trial was effectiveness and safety of monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrotizing factor (TNF) _ — infliximab. The study included 107 patients with juvenile ankylosing spondyloarthritis. 58 children were treated with infliximab, and 49 — with sulfasalazine. Duration of treatment was 54 weeks. In the end of a study 42% of patients treated with infliximab had status of inactive disease, and only 2% of patients in sulfasalazine group had the same status.

Key words: children, juvenile ankylosing spondyloarthritis, infliximab, sulfasalazine, treatment.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):23-31)

The article describes actual pediatric problem — frequent development of respiratory infections in children. Authors present the results of Russian multicenter study of effectiveness and safety of pidotimod (Imunorix) in frequently ailing children. It was shown that treatment with pidotimod during 30 days resulted in decreased rate of acute respiratory infections and their complications including ones with necessity of antibacterial therapy compared to children from control group. The dynamics of immunological rates in blood serum was studied.

Key words: frequently ailing children, acute respiratory infections, prophylaxis, pidotimod.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):40-44)

It is nesessary to develop medications without antiviral drugs’ shortcomings for the purpose of perfection of acute respiratory infections’ (ARI) treatment. The article describes the results of double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial studying effectiveness and safety of sodium desoxyribonucleate (Derinat). The trial included 100 children 0–17 years old with influenza or other ARIs treated in hospitals. The medicine favored to the shorteness of duration of illness owing to more rapid elimination of symptoms of intoxication, fever and catar inflammation in nasopharynx. The level of secretory IgA was increased according to the analysis of nasal washouts, the systems of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence were normalized, and also an induction of interferone synthesis and an activation of neutrophils bactericidal action was showed. Authors evaluated economical advantages and safety of the drug.

Key words: children, influenza, acute respiratory infections, sodium desoxyribonucleate, treatment, pharmacoeconomical analysis.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):45-53)

The data on pidotimod (Imunorix) effectiveness in prophylaxis of bronchial asthma exacerbations in children are analyzed. Authors’ trial included 55 children 5–10 years old with exacerbations of a disease caused by acute respiratory infections. Authors studied influence of pidotimod on antioxidant system of blood serum. The effectiveness of the drug for the prophylaxis of respiratory infections in children with bronchial asthma was shown, and this effect favored to the decrease of rate of exacerbations.

Key words: children, bronchial asthma, prophylaxis, pidotimod.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):54-57)

Authors present results of a treatment with complex of physical methods and phyto drug Tonsilgon N (Althaeae officinalis L., Chamomilla recutita, Equisetum arvense L., Juglans regia L., Achillea millefolium L., Quercus robur, Taraxacum officinale) of 35 children with chronic tonsillitis at a health resort. Clinical, immunological effectiveness and safety was estimated. Inclusion of the drug in treatment scheme resulted in decrease of morbidity with acute respiratory infections and rate of exacerbations of tonsillitis. Phyto drug has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activity manifested in increase of level of humoral factors in nasal secretion and cytoprotective effect related to positive changes in functional state of epithelium of nasal mucous membrane in children with chronic tonsillitis.

Key words: children, chronic tonsillitis, rehabilitation, phytotherapy.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):58-63)

Rheumatic diseases in adults are associated with accelerated atherosclerosis, and its early signs can be stated by the thickening of intima-media complex of common carotid arteries (CCA). This symptom is detected during ultrasound examination in 49% of children with systemic lupus erythematosus, in 24% of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and in 13% of children with juvenile spondylarthritis. Besides, 36% of children with systemic lupus erythematosus and 17% — with systemic type of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis had structure changes of CCA wall. A dependence of these disorders on cholesterol and glucose levels in blood serum, overweight and Cushing syndrome, age, duration and activity of a disease, levels of ESR, C-reactive protein and white blood cells was not showed. Authors detected a correlation between the thickness of intima-media complex of CCA and hemostasis parameters.

Key words: children, juvenile arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, intima-media complex, ultrasound diagnostics.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):64-69)

The questions of feeding of children with strained off breast milk are discussed in this article. Author presents medical indications to such type of feeding, peculiarities and rules of storage of strained off milk. There is a brief literature review on the influence of different factors on the composition of strained off breast milk.

Key words: strained milk, breast feeding, pasteurization, freezing.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):70-73)

The article describes peculiarities of skin and respiratory symptoms of alimentary allergy, main etiological factors and pathogenetical stages of pathology’s formation. Authors present a description of alimentary allergy in different age periods, methods of its diagnostics, treatment of skin and respiratory signs of alimentary allergy.

Key words: children, alimentary allergy, atopic dermatitis, respiratory allergy.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):74-81)

The article is devoted to the influence of some modern scientific discoveries in nutriciology on the formation of market of industrially manufactured children’s food.

Key words: children, nutrition.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):82-89)

Authors present modern approach to the diagnostics and treatment of children with acute period of mild and moderate brain injury. It is necessary to provide timely diagnostics in children with craniocerebral trauma via neurovisualization: ultrasonic scan and computer tomography of brain (for a diagnostics of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes), duplex ultrasonic scan and magnetic resonance imaging (for a detection of traumatic dissections of main arteries of head). The article considers main aspects of treatment of children with craniocerebral injury, describes indications to pathogenetical therapy aimed to compensation of disorders in dynamics of cerebrospinal liquor, microcirculation and antioxidant status.

Key words: children, cerebrospinal injury, diagnostics, treatment.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):90-93)

Authors analyze the data on effectiveness and safety of new regimen of combined antibacterial therapy with solution of tobramycin for inhalations 300 mg/5 ml (Tobi). This drug was administered to 23 patients with cystic fibrosis during 15 days at the time of an exacerbation. It was shown that addition of inhaled solution of tobramycin to the antibiotics increased clinical and bacteriological effectiveness of treatment of bronchopulmonary process.

Key words: children, chronic Pseudomonal infection, tobramycin for inhalations.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):94-98)

Authors analyze an experience of nutrition with mono component additional food «Gerber» in 15 infants with cystic fibrosis. They estimated a safety of additional food and its effectiveness via proper individual nutrition list and laboratory data (changes in faeces analysis and state of intestinal biocoenosis).

Key words: children, cystic fibrosis, additional food.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):99-102)

Authors analyzed main stages of formation of intestinal biocoenosis in children with breast and artificial feeding. They presented principal risk factors of disorders of normal biocoenosis forming in infant. Advantages of administration of bifidus bacteria strain BB12 in children with artificial feeding are presented. Authors described proper experience of children’s feeding with adopted milk mixture. It was shown that an influence of mixture on the restoration of intestinal biocoenosis and formation of colonialist resistance of infants’ gastrointestinal tract is comparable to that one during breast feeding.

Key words: infants, feeding, intestinal biocoenosis.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):103-108)

The article describes results of a treatment of children 4–7 years old with chronic adenoiditis and adenoid hypertrophy II–III degree. It was shown that inclusion of topical bacterial immunocorrector IRS 19 in treatment scheme resulted in rapid and qualitative normalization of lymphoid tissue volume and biocoenosis of nasopharyngeal secretion, and in significant decrease of pathogenic contamination of nasopharynx. The treatment resulted in lessening (during 3 months of observation after treatment compared to 3 months previous to treatment) of number of exacerbations of adenoiditis, decrease of total duration of all exacerbations and shortening of terms of single cases of disease.

Key words: children, chronic adenoiditis, hypertrophy of adenoids, mixture of bacterial lysates, treatment.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):109-112)

The study estimated the safety of meloxicam in prolonged treatment of children with juvenile arthritis (JA). Clinical data and results of endoscopy of 50 patients with JA were analyzed. All patients were switched from diclofenac to meloxicam by different reasons. An estimation of hepatotoxicity of meloxicam compared to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) — diclofenac and nimesulid, was performed. The results of a study show that treatment with meloxicam decreases a risk of gastrointestinal adverse events in patients with JA. Hepatotoxicity rate of NSAIDs was 7,2%. Patients treated with meloxicam had lowest rate of transaminases increase.

Key words: children, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, NSAIDs, gastrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):113-118)

An experience of immunization with pneumococcal conjugated 7-valent vaccine Prevenar in 234 children under 5 years old with different state of health was analyzed. There were no any severe reactions, postvaccinal complications or local reactions to the vaccine injection. Mild and moderate postvaccinal reactions were detected in 3,4% (n = 8) of children. The vaccine can be used in children under 5 years old.

Key words: children, vaccination, pneumococcal conjugated 7-valent vaccine, safety.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):119-123)

The article reports questions of diet organization in children with phenylketonuria in different age with the use of modern specialized food. Authors give examples of calculation of diet based on new norms of needs in energy and food for different groups of population in Russian Federation, and present recommendations on optimization of nutrition in schoolchildren with phenylketonuria.

Key words: children, schoolchildren, phenylketonuria, phenylalanine, dietotherapy.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):124-129)

The main attention is given to the problems of etiological diagnostics of acute tonsillitis in children in Russia and foreign countries, and to the principles of well-grounded antibacterial treatment, presented in modern guidelines, and to the methods of prophylaxis.

Key words: children, acute tonsillitis, diagnostics, treatment, prophylaxis.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):130-135)

Constipation is one of the most frequent complaints and is seen in 3% of children, in 90% it has functional character. The pathogenesis of chronic constipation has 3 mechanisms: decrease of propulsion motor function and visceral sensitivity of rectum and functional disorder of faeces evacuation. Chronic constipation has a trend to the progression due to overstretched rectum and decrease of its sensitivity independently of its specific reason. A treatment of functional constipation must be started from correction of diet and drinking regimen and only if these measures are ineffective, the clearance of bowels and administration of laxatives should be performed. There are only few drugs approved for the use in pediatric practice. They are osmotic laxatives and drugs with combined effect (Guttalax).

Key words: children, constipation, pathogenesis, treatment.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):136-140)

One of actual problems of prophylactic pediatrics is provision of schoolchildren with vitamins and minerals. The article summarizes the data on physiological role of calcium and vitamin D, the causes of origin, prevalence and clinical symptoms of its deficiency in children. The opportunities of its correction with food, fortified with vitamins and microelements are described. The norms of daily use of calcium and vitamin D for pre-schoolchildren and younger schoolchildren are given.

Key words: children, calcium, vitamin D, deficiency, nutritional correction.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):141-145)

The problem of diseases of mucous membrane of oral cavity is one of the main ones in dentistry. Special attention in this problem should be given to the acute herpetic stomatitis. 80% of all cases of mucous membrane of oral cavity in children are herpetic stomatitis. Local immunity in children with acute stomatitis is closely related to the character of course of pathology. An administration of immunomodulatory treatment is pathogenetically grounded. Bacterial lysates mixture causes etiotropical and pathogenetical effect and increases the activity of immune system resulting in relapses prophylaxis.

Key words: children, acute herpetic stomatitis, bacterial lysates mixture.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):146-149)

Author gives an account of main principles of additional food organization in infants. New data on the influence of additional food on the growth, health and development of infant and child are presented. Special attention is given to the individual approach to the administration of additional food taking into account health and level of development of child. The tactics of additional food introduction to children with alimentary-dependent pathology (alimentary allergy, delay of physical development, iron-deficient anemia) is given. Author shows importance of industrially produced additional food in prophylactics of deficient states, particularly, deficiency of iron and zinc.

Key words: children, additional food, alimentary allergy, delay of physical development, anemia.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):150-155)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used in pediatric practice for the treatment of fever. The choice of the drug from this group must be based on high effectiveness of medication and the lowest risk of adverse events. Only paracetamol and ibuprofen completely fulfill these requirements at the present times. They are officially recommended by WHO for the use as an anti-fever pediatric medication. The article examines advantages of ibuprofen compared to paracetamol on the basis of results of randomized studies. Author describes a safety of ibuprofen and opportunities of combined treatment with ibuprofen and paracetamol.

Key words: children, fever, ibuprofen, paracetamol, treatment.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):156-160)

Authors present literature and proper data on effectiveness of vitamin-mineral complex Pikovit in syrup and tablets for the health improvement in frequently ailing children. Authors prove clinical and laboratory effect of vitamin-mineral complex.

Key words: frequently ailing children, health improvement, vitamins, minerals.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):161-164)

The article presents an analysis of common approaches to the treatment of acute sinusitis (catarrhal-oedematous form) in children, including the indications to the systemic and topical antibiotics. Authors give a review of studies of new form of fusafungine (Bioparox). An advantage of new form of the drug is optimized dosing regimen, improved attachments for nose and throat and additional children’s attachment.

Key words: acute sinusitis, rhinopharyngitis, topical antibacterial drugs, fusafungine.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):165-168)

The article describes a structure and functions of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their role in infants’ nutrition. It was marked that Russian market has only one product for additional food enriched with PUFA ῶ-3 for children from 4 months old. It is milkless buckwheat «Heinz».

Key words: children, nutrition, additional food, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):169-173)

It is universally recognized that toilet training must be started in children 18–36 months old. It is recommended to hold child- oriented Brazelton’s method. This approach is most physiological and more effective that toilet education at the first year of life, based on reflex.

Key words: children, age, toilet training.
(Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. 2010;9(2):174-178)