Vol 7, No 1 (2008)
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EDITORIAL
13-16 562
Abstract
Diseases caused by streptococcus are a serious issue for the health care worldwide mostly due to wide spread, high lethal risk in the event of the severe run, increasing resistance of pneumococcus to antibacterial therapy, troubles with high efficiency of vaccines as pertaining to the special structure of the pathogen. Every year 1,6 mln people die of the diseases caused by pneumococcus worldwide, 50-70% of whom are children under 5 years. The highest morbidity falls onto the infants under 2 and younger and the elderly people. HIV infection and other immunodeficiency states increase the chance to get infected with pneumococcus caused diseases. There is a wide variety of pneumococci (about 90 serotypes) which have different degrees of virulence and pathogenesis. It is evident that on the one hand vaccines offered for the struggle against this dangerous infection should protect against the most widely spread and harmful serotypes and on the other hand should have a high degree of efficiency and safety for the one to be vaccinated. Today healthcare services make use of 7-valent conjugate polysaccharide-baleuronic vaccine (PCVB7) and nonconjugate polysaccharide vaccine against 23 serotypes. 23-valent vaccines are designed for the adolescent and elderly people, yet it is not licensed for the application among patients aged under2 who are the primary target group for the vaccination. PCVB7 incorporated serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal diseases among children in 60-85% of cases. The vaccine is well tolerated and deemed to be safe. It forms an express immune response (cellular, humoral, mucosal) and also reduces the nasopharyngeal bacteria carrying. This vaccine is highly immunogenic across all the age groups yet it is not licensed for the application among children under 5, including infants (under 12 months). Acknowledging high importance of diseases caused by pneumococci among infants, high efficiency and safety of PCVB7 in the given age group who suggests incorporating this vaccine into the national immunization calendars and immunization programmes, particularly in countries where mortality among children aged <5 years is >50/1000 live births or where >50 000 children die annually.
Key words: pneumococcus, vaccine, children.
SOCIAL PEDIATRICS AND HEALTH CARE
18-20 656
Abstract
Results of complex research aimed at the study of dynamics of incidence and mortality caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among children, their medical and social characteristics, problems of social adaptation of rejected children, are presented. It is shown that in the dynamics of HIV incidence among children a steady growth trend is observed, mostly due to children born by HIV positive mothers. The number of HIV positive children due to perinatal transmission, increased by 9 times in 2000–2006. 43,6 per cent of children born by HIV positive mothers had significant deviations in the health status, 21,6 percent of infants were transferred to the 2nd stage of nursing. High level of stillbirths, perinatal and early neonatal mortality of infants born by HIV positive mothers, was observed. Though there is a certain trend of decreasing the number of rejected children both in the general population and among HIV positive mothers, the absolute number of such cases is increasing in the latter group. Children abandoned by their parents in most cases are isolated and do not receive the necessary social and psychological aid.
Key words: HIV infection, children, perinatal mortality, social adaptation.
Key words: HIV infection, children, perinatal mortality, social adaptation.
21-25 691
Abstract
The wide use of computer information media in education process and children and teenagers' leisure activities set new tasks for hygienists and physiologists in assessment of the influence of computer lessons on health, as well as in substantiation and development of ways of formatting and presenting materials from the viewpoint of legibility and regulation of teaching modes. In this work, data related to the study of response of students' optical system depending on the ways of presenting the information (on a screen or on a paper medium), assessment of functional status of children and teenagers after computer classes, are presented, analysis and assessment of modern electronic tutorials are given.
Key words: children, reading, computers, electronic tutorials, health.
Key words: children, reading, computers, electronic tutorials, health.
26-28 1200
Abstract
The urgency of the given research is intimately related to the necessity to choose the comprehension approaches to the evaluation of the children's physical growth, which may be applied in monitoring of the children collectives health status, planning and performance of the preventive and sanitary events at the group and population levels. The authors studied the socially different children collectives and examined 3,600 children and adolescents. They showed that the use of the regional modified regression scales, complex schemes and centile tables, i.e. regional standards based approaches to the evaluation of the physical growth would be comprehensive for the physical growth features of the children collectives subject to ethnic, climate and geographic as well as social and economic differences.
Key words: physical growth, evaluation approaches, children, adolescents.
Key words: physical growth, evaluation approaches, children, adolescents.
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
29-34 1341
Abstract
The article provides for the data on the efficacy and safety of the methotrexate pulse therapy in combination with cyclosporine per os in patients with severe systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. It has been shown that the bolus dosing of methotrexate in combination with cyclosporine for 8 weeks with the subse quent decrease in methotrexate dose and its intramuscular medication had provided for the remission progress of the systemic manifestations, joint syndrome and normalization of the laboratory activity indices among 65% of patients, earlier not responding to the treatment in conventional doses of methotrexate and cyclosporine by the third month of the observation. Bolus dosing of methotrexate with orally introduced cyclosporine was well tolerated by the patients, whereas the side effects were marked among 17% of patients, although they proved to be light and did not require cessation of the treatment. Thus, methotrexate pulse therapy in combination with orally introduced cyclosporine might be perspective for the treatment of severe systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Key words: children, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, methotrexate pulse therapy, treatment.
Key words: children, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, methotrexate pulse therapy, treatment.
35-39 551
Abstract
Optimization of methods to treat and rehabilitate children, suffering from lymphopharyngeal ring diseases, is an urgent medical and social issue. The purpose of the given research was to study the efficacy of fenspiride (erespal) in treatment of children with chronic lymphopharyngeal ring diseases. The authors generalized the findings of the 3byear dynamic observation carried out among 157 children aged between 3 and 8 years old. They found out that the 2B week fenspirideb based therapy in average age doses has positive effects on the run of the acute respiratory infection, coming to existence against the hypertrophy of the lymphopharyngeal ring tissues, accelerates the remission of chronic adenoiditis. In the event of the repeat application, fenspiride increases efficacy of the nonspecific resistance and local immunity factors, rebuilds the microflora, slows down the progress of hypertrophy of the lymphopharyngeal ring tissues. Thus, fenspiridebbased therapy is a perspective trend in treatment of children with chronic lymphopharyngeal ring diseases.
Key words: children, fenspiride, lymphopharyngeal ring diseases.
Key words: children, fenspiride, lymphopharyngeal ring diseases.
40-46 596
Abstract
An open controlled comparative research was conducted on 263 children with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in order to evaluate the clinical effectiveness, acceptability and safety of plant based preparation that contains ivy leaf extract. It was established that prescribing the preparation during the first days of disease reduced the duration of dry and inefficient cough, improved sputum rheology and bronchial tree drainage function, reduced bronchial obstruction intensity, reduced the need for prescribing bronchial spasmolitics less necessary and decreased Staybin term. Compared to other antibcough medicines, plant based preparation with ivy leaf extract has quicker effect (effective on the 1st–3rd day).
Key words: children, acute respiratory infections, cough, treatment.
Key words: children, acute respiratory infections, cough, treatment.
47-50 733
Abstract
Etiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and their complications of 220 children were examined. Fluorescent antibody method, hemagglutinationbinhibition reaction, enzyme immunoas say and bacteriological study were used for the examination. ARI etiology was rendered more precise in 147 children. It was demonstrated that over a half of infectious diseases of respiratory tract take course as mixed infection (combination of respiratory, herpetic viruses and intracellular parasites), and with account of bacterial flora, over 80 per cent. ARI in children of mixed etiology are 1,7 times more often concurrent with complicated forms of disease. The appropriateness of including Arbidol into the medical regimen of children with ARI is examined.
Key words: children, acute respiratory infections, etiology, complications, treatment, arbidol.
Key words: children, acute respiratory infections, etiology, complications, treatment, arbidol.
51-55 548
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the level of significance of environmental factors (ecological and social), their interconnection with different somatic types and adaptive capabilities, as well as with peculiarities of preschoolers immunity with recurrent episodes of obstructive bronchitis (ob) to work out adequate therapy schemes for periods of exacerbation and rehabilitation. It is proven that children with recurrent ob are characterized by mesomacrosome somatotype, prevalence of vagotonia, sympathicotonia with hyper sympathicotonic type of vegetative reactivity and significant disorder of mucociliary clearance persisting after clinical recovery. The efficiency of ambroxol mugoregulator in complex therapy of ob and expedience of its long term (14–18) administration for recovery of disturbed system of mucociliary transport, were confirmed.
Key words: obstructive bronchitis, children, somatotype, vegetative reactivity, immunity, ambroxol.
Key words: obstructive bronchitis, children, somatotype, vegetative reactivity, immunity, ambroxol.
LITERATURE REVIEW
E.I. Alexeeva,
T.М. Bzarova,
S.I. Valieva,
A.M. Alekseeva,
A.M. Chomakhidze,
K.B. Isaeva,
E.G. Chistyakova,
R.V. Denisova
56-66 594
Abstract
The overview is dedicated to the application of anti TNF medication to treat rheumatoid diseases among adults and children. The researchers provided for the data on the individual, open and multicentered, double, blind, placebobcontrolled research of infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab efficacy. The research findings witnessed high efficacy and safety of anti TNF therapy in both adult and children rheumatologic practice.
Key words: infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, children, treatment, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis.
Key words: infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, children, treatment, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis.
67-70 512
Abstract
The article provides for the literature based data on why the optimal iron content in the formula to feed the infants is essential. Lately, there has been a trend to reduce the level of iron in the adapted milk formulas. The prerequisites for that are the new data on iron metabolism peculiarities and diagnostic criteria for the iron deficient states among infants, as well as the development of the new generation of the female milk substitutes with a wider range of the iron content in the formulas offered by different producers.
Key words: infants, feeding, iron deficiency.
Key words: infants, feeding, iron deficiency.
71-81 546
Abstract
The article gives chemical and biological characteristics of the goat milk and adapted formulas based thereupon (MD MIL Kozochka 1 and MD MIL Kozochka 2). The author also considers their medical and preventive opportunities.
Key words: goat milk, children's feeding, food allergy.
Key words: goat milk, children's feeding, food allergy.
82-90 1098
Abstract
This review presents the results of randomized placebo controlled trial, aimed at studying the efficiency of modern non sedative antihistamine desloratadine in allergic rhinitis (AR). It is proven demonstratively that the application of desloratadine in comparison with placebo is accompanied by reduction in total symptoms scores, total nasal symptoms score and improvement in nasal airflow patency. In addition, the advantage of desloratadine versus placebo was established for reducing of nasal eosinophil levels. The acquired data confirm that the efficiency of desloratadine for AR corresponds to IA level of evidence.
Key words: desloratadine, allergic rhinitis, randomizeplacebo_controlled trial.
Key words: desloratadine, allergic rhinitis, randomizeplacebo_controlled trial.
91-95 566
Abstract
The background paper approaches the problems of functional status of endothelium, significance of vasоactive substances as markers of endothelial dysfunction and reason of its development, role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension.
Key words: pulmonary hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, vasoactive substances.
Key words: pulmonary hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, vasoactive substances.
96-100 1681
Abstract
The article contains analysis of results of international trial of pidotimod (imunorix) efficiency. pidotimod is a new safe immunomodulator, which is both efficient in prophylactic use and as a medication. At the same time, the drug is capable of intensify the effect of antibiotics and other medications. This fact is confirmed by the results of controlled trials with participation of a large number of patients. pidotimod is ministerial to a faster disappearance of signs and symptoms of infection, anticipating the recovery with reduced administration of associated drugs.
Key words: pidotimod, immunomodulator, acute respiratory infections, prophylaxis, treatment.
Key words: pidotimod, immunomodulator, acute respiratory infections, prophylaxis, treatment.
LECTURES
101-104 784
Abstract
Scleroderma is a rare rheumatic disease. Clinical symptoms and syndromes of scleroderma in children are presented. Different tialbdiagnostic search in case of main clinical, instrumental and laboratory implications of disease is given. Peculiarities of children's scleroderma are shown.
Key words: children, juvenile scleroderma, symptoms, syndromes, differential diagnosis.
Key words: children, juvenile scleroderma, symptoms, syndromes, differential diagnosis.
105-110 575
Abstract
The article contains the analysis of the role of azithromycin (sumamed) in treatment of respiratory diseases in children. It is noted that azithromycin is an efficient antibacterial drug for treatment of extramural and uncomplicated pneumonia and is the drug of choice for atypical mycoplasmal and chlamidia trachomatis pneumonia, as well as for relapses of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases in children. High sensitivity to azithromycin of main pneumotropic and atypical agents, convenience of application, presence of children's pharmaceutical forms, reduction of administration to 1 time per day in case of short treatment schedules, high efficiency and absence of serious adverse events make it possible to recommend this antibiotic as an available means for treatment of respiratory diseases in infants and senior children not only as in patients but as out patients as well.
Key words: children, azithromycin, treatment, respiratory diseases.
Key words: children, azithromycin, treatment, respiratory diseases.
111-115 453
Abstract
The article is devoted to classification, diagnostics and treatment of headaches. It describes positive properties of ibuprofen which is recommended for relieving pain for children as young as 3 months old.
Key words: children, headache, classification, diagnostics, treatment.
Key words: children, headache, classification, diagnostics, treatment.
EXCHANGE OF EXPERIENCE
116-117 522
Abstract
Efficiency of sinupret in children with acute sinusitis as a drug with serolytic action, is studied. it is established that secretolytic therapy in case of acute sinusitis, aimed at the improvement of drainage and ventilation function of paranasal sinuses, is one of the potentially productive directions of nonbinvasive methods of treatment of acute sinusitis.
Key words: children, acute sinusitis, secretolytic treatment.
Key words: children, acute sinusitis, secretolytic treatment.
118-120 503
Abstract
Recurrence of the functional digestion disorders among 6 months aged infants, undertaking artificial feeding, is extremely high. The article reviews the findings on the application of the adapted milk formulas Nutrilak 0–6 and Nutrilak km combination to correct the above said disorders without drug intervention.
Key words: functional digestion disorders, 6 months aged infants, adapted fermented milk formulas.
Key words: functional digestion disorders, 6 months aged infants, adapted fermented milk formulas.
122-124 542
Abstract
The article reviews an urgent problem of pediatrics, alimentary therapy of children with atopic dermatitis (ATD). The article summarizes the author's experience of using milk formulas based on highly hydrolyzed cow's milk casein (nutramigen and pregestimil) for alimentary therapy of infants with medium grave and grave ATD and gastrointestinal presentation of food allergy during the acute period. The best tolerance of the above mentioned formulas is recommended for infants under 6 months. Besides, it is observed that feeding results in reduced scored index, normalized characteristics of physical development, enhanced indices of functional status of alimentary system. The analysis of observation results permits to recommend milk formulas based on highly hydrolyzed cow's milk casein for alimentary therapy of infants under 12 months, suffering from ATD.
Key words: infants under 12 months, atopic dermatitis, alimentary therapy.
Key words: infants under 12 months, atopic dermatitis, alimentary therapy.
A DOCTOR’S AID
126-128 514
Abstract
The article deals with issues of vitamins application for treatment of hypovitaminosis in children with allergic diseases. Advantages of administration of polyvitamin complexes are specified.
Key words: children, allergic diseases, hypovitaminoses, polyvitamins.
Key words: children, allergic diseases, hypovitaminoses, polyvitamins.
129-133 5378
Abstract
Dysplasia of the heart connective tissue among children includes atrioventricular valve prolapse, abnormally positioned cords, aneurysms of the interatrial septum. Dysplasia of the heart connective tissue draws steadfast attention of the pediatricians due to the high population recurrence and risks, leading to such complications, as mitral regurgitation, cardiac rhythm disturbances and in some cases fatal outcome. Among probable pathogenetimechanisms of dysplasia development, researcher considers magnesium ion deficiency. Based on the analysis of literature and own data, she draws a conclusion that it is effective and expedient to apply magnesium orotat (magnerot) among children for the correction of the collagen (accounted for dysplasia) metabolism disorders. Magnesium orotat based therapy among children, suffering from dysplasia of the heart connective tissue, reduces the indications of the valve prolapse, recurrence of mitral regurgitation, intensity of the clinical manifestations of the vegetative dysfunction, recurrence of the arrhythmias and is accompanied by the increase of the endoglobular magnesium level.
Key words: children, dysplasia of the heart connective tissue, treatment, magnesium orotat.
Key words: children, dysplasia of the heart connective tissue, treatment, magnesium orotat.
134-136 518
Abstract
The article presents the authors' data on the information value of different methods of endocsopic examination of gastrointestinal tract in children. Examination data of 2098 children with different pathologies of digestive organs and 96 children from control group, are given. The examination algorithm of children suffering from digestive tract diseases with the use of the latest methods of intraluminal endoscopy, is formulated.
Key words: children, endoscopy, gastrointestinal tract, diagnostics.
Key words: children, endoscopy, gastrointestinal tract, diagnostics.
137-139 4845
Abstract
Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory medications are the basis of pharmacotherapy for the pain syndrome, which is accounted for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and febrifuge effects. The existing data on the dangers experienced during the prolonged application of the nonsteroid anti-inflammatory medications determines the necessity to look for the new medications with the similar pharmacodynamic effects. An alternative way to treat patients, suffering from chronic pain syndrome, might be plant extracts, in particular, zinaxin made of ginger and galangal in compliance with lipocap technology, which has anti-inflammatory, anesthetic and chondroprotective effects.
Key words: children, pain syndrome, rheumatic diseases.
Key words: children, pain syndrome, rheumatic diseases.
SHORT REPORTS
HISTORY OF PEDIATRICS
ISSN 1682-5527 (Print)
ISSN 1682-5535 (Online)
ISSN 1682-5535 (Online)
