In the training of modern doctors, great attention should be paid to the formation of communicative competence, since the success of medical practice is not only related to medical knowledge, but also to communicative skills. Doctor is a linguoactive profession:
speech and communication skills are necessary for the doctor in medical, preventive, educational, organizational and management activities. Medical rhetoric as a theory and practice of effective speech behavior in a public monologue and dialogue can contribute to
the preparation of future pediatricians.

The article describes the international experience in monitoring of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The main goal of most existing international registers of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis is to evaluate various aspects of the effectiveness and safety
of genetic engineering biological drugs in comparison with methotrexate. No results from the analysis of the effectiveness of registers as a tool for long-term monitoring of the disease and medical care for children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis have been
found in the available literature.

This review summarizes the international experience of pneumococcal immunization of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The high efficiency and safety of pneumococcal vaccines in children with JIA is shown. Numerous studies have demonstrated an adequate immune response after vaccination even during therapy with immunosuppressive and genetically engineered biological agents drugs. Prevention of the pneumococcal infection helps avoid the development of pneumonia in patients with JIA.

The article analyzes the studies of the formation and development of the gut microflora (microbiota) in children and its pathogenetic role. The stages of colonization of the infant’s intestine and the interaction mechanisms between the child’s and mother’s microbiotas
are described. The relationship between the formation dynamics of the child's microbiota and the nature of feeding is shown; a sanogenetic role of breastfeeding in relation to the infant’s microflora is noted. The connection of qualitative and quantitative microbiota
characteristics with delayed risks of development of metabolic and allergic diseases is described. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the effect of antibiotics on the formation of microbiota, including in preterm infants. The article describes current approaches to the correction of the gut microbiota disorders with probiotic preparations and substantiates the methods for choosing probiotics. One of these preparations is a probiotic registered in Russia and containing B. lactis BB-12 and S. thermophilus, which is successfully used to correct dysbiosis in newborn infants, including in preterm infants.

The botulinum therapy remains the most effective and safe method for reducing local spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). However, the list of indications for injections of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) in cerebral palsy is limited both in terms of target muscles and the treatment initiation age. In this regard, doctors are guided by the data of clinical studies, reviews and consensuses of experts, which are advisory in nature. One of the most urgent issues in the modern CP botulinum therapy is the evaluation of risks and
benefits of initiating injections at an early age (up to 2 years) in order to prevent orthopedic complications and stimulate the optimal motor development of a child. The review analyzes the history of the development of modern approaches to the use of botulinum therapy in cerebral palsy and the tactics of selecting target muscles and doses for multilevel injections. The authors focus on the latest international data on the feasibility and safety of reducing the admissible initiation age for botulinum therapy in cerebral palsy. The results from the studies of the effect of the early initiation of BTA injections on motor development, formation of secondary orthopedic complications in children under 2 years of age, and morphological changes in the neuromotor apparatus in animal experiments are presented. The concept of «key muscles» is considered in detail as one of the possible reference points in the planning of safe and
effective early injections.

Clinical polymorphism of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1, the presence of atypical forms and a long latent period of the target organ disease determine the difficulties in diagnosing this disease, which leads to late detection of life-threatening conditions and inadequate treatment of such patients. The article presents the results from a retrospective analysis of 7 clinical cases of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 in children hospitalized between 2006 and 2016. The clinical manifestations of the syndrome included chronic candidiasis (7 patients), hypoparathyroidism (6), chronic adrenal insufficiency (3), and autoimmune hepatitis (3). The atypical clinical signs of the disease (annular erythema, hypoplasia of tooth enamel, sialadenitis) were revealed. All children had high ( 6 norms) antibody titers to interferon , 4 — antibodies to interferon 2. In all cases of chronic adrenal insufficiency and autoimmune hepatitis, the corresponding antibodies were determined in high ( 2 norms) titers. Clinical polymorphism, prolonged monosymptomatic course, prolonged latent period between the debuts of the syndrome manifestations require modern immunological methods of diagnostics and monitoring of the residual function of the target organ for the timely initiation of therapy and prevention of crisis states.

The article describes the history of a female patient of the first year of life with ischemic heart disease associated with congenital thrombophilia and the development of myocardial infarction. This diagnosis in pediatric practice is casuistry and leads to an adverse outcome more often than in adult patients. The described clinical case draws attention of pediatricians to the alarming symptoms, which allow to suspect thrombophilia in children of the first months of life.

Mass screening of newborns in Russia for five hereditary diseases does not meet the requirements of the world community for the neonatal screening program. Success in the development of laboratory diagnostic technologies and active introduction of achievements in genetics and molecular biology into medical practice allow for the revision of the list of nosologies included in the national neonatal screening program by replacing the disease or adding new nosologies. The article discusses the possibility of including genetic testing for severe combined immune deficiency in the Newborn Screening Program in Russia. The results from a retrospective study of markers of naive T- and B-lymphocytes (TREC and KREC) in the group of children with immuno-dependent pathology developed in the first year of life are discussed.

Within the XVIII Congress of Pediatricians of Russia (February 17-19, 2017) the V All-Russian Conference "Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology", VI Eurasian Rare Diseases Forum, X International Forum of Pediatric Surgeons, and VII Forum of Pediatric Nurses were held.

Within the XVIII Congress of Pediatricians of Russia (February 17-19, 2017) dediced to the 90th anniversary of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia, a symposium "Infections - up to a curtain!" related to the prevention of influenza was held.