The results of the application of a proprietary methodology for the data analysis «percentile-profile» (through the example of children morbidity in all classes of diseases in the context of municipal districts of the Omsk region). The objective of the technique use is to simplify the perception, to «fold» the complex results of the data set into the drawing, to get information about the complex multicomponent phenomenon. The «percentile-profile» allows to evaluate and compare the data scatter for each class of diseases, peculiarities of children morbidity in each territory, to identify the risk pathology followed by actions focused on its study and prevention. The methodology was approved by the Federal Service of Rospotrebnadzor and tested in the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Omsk region. On its basis the socio-sanitary certification of all municipal districts of the region was carried out by 80 statistical indicators of health and environment of the population. The positive results of the implementation of these passports in the practice of municipalities of the Omsk region, in particular in terms of socio-economic development of the region, were obtained.

The sources of development, homeostasis and metabolism habits, long-term effects on the health of infants delivered with intrauterine growth retardation are considered. Principals and aspects of nutrition choice for these particular infants as well as some controversial aspects on this topic are discussed. Research data represents nutrition of newborns and up to 3 months infants, including those with the IGR and moderate postnatal inanition, fed with goat milk based formula, containing pre- and probiotics.

Microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract is different in breastfed infants and in children receiving standard infant formulas. While breast milk is rich in prebiotic oligosaccharides and can also contain some probiotics, standard infant formulas contain neither one thing nor the other. The formulation of an infant formula includes various prebiotic ingredients: galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, polydextrose and their combinations. There is evidence that the addition of prebiotics to baby food makes the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract of infants receiving infant formulas more similar to the microbiota of breastfed children. Prebiotics alter the metabolic activity of the intestinal microflora (lower stool pH and increase the amount of short-chain fatty acids), have a bifidogenic effect and provide a stool consistency and bowel movement frequency that are similar to these parameters in breastfed infants. There is limited evidence that such changes in microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract may have some influence on the development of an infant's immune system. Adverse events are extremely rare in the application of prebiotics.

The data of modern basic and clinical studies demonstrate that commonly used rates of the recommended daily intake of vitamin D for children (400–500 IU/day) are significantly underestimated. The article presents the results of survey and clinical studies (n =21), in which the positive dynamics of 25(OH)D concentration in the blood plasma during intake of vitamin D is noted in children and adolescents aged from 0 to 18 years. The duration of vitamin D intake in the analysed studies was from 1 to 12 months, the dose — from 800 to 4000 IU/day. According to the results of the age-specific analysis, the staircase scheme of vitamin D prescription is offered: for children aged under 4 months the daily intake of 500 IU/day of the vitamin is recommended during a year (for premature — 800-1000 IU/day), aged from 4 months to 4 years — 1000 IU/day, 4–10 years — 1500 IU/day, 10–16 years — 2000 IU/day. Therewith, this achieves the effective compensation of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D concentration >20 ng/ml), and also, according to some reports, the reduction of risks of infectious and allergic diseases. Safety of the recommended vitamin D intake mode is shown.

Rational nutrition determines optimal growth and development. Special feeding with extensively hydrolised formula is essential for infants with cow’s milk protein allergy, protein-energy malnutrition, food intolerance, chronic gastrointestinal disorders.

The article presents current views on the role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) in the development and functioning of the child’s nervous system. Despite the fact that a person needs LCPUFAs in small amounts, if compared with other nutrients, the provision of essential fatty acids in the early stages of the child’s development is critical not only in childhood, but also in the long run. The study of multiple LCPUFA functions leads to the fact that their adequate dietary intake has recently been regarded as one of the most important factors that determine the health of a child and significantly affect the maturation, development and functioning of the nervous system and visual organs. Provision of body with active LCPUFAs depends not only on intake of their predecessors or acids themselves together with food, but also on the activity of endogenous desaturases, which is determined by genes. The article describes the main factors affecting the supply of LCPUFAs to the child’s body in prenatal period of development, postnatal period, early childhood and later life, as well as conditions associated with deficits of LCPUFAs.

Prevention and treatment of acute respiratory infections and influenza in children remain one of the major tasks of practical healthcare. Their importance increases with the beginning of the autumn-winter season. Currently, the problem of choosing effective and safe drugs to treat acute respiratory infections in children is very important. The article discusses the use of various etiotropic and symptomatic drugs to treat acute respiratory infections and influenza in children.

Food tolerance development is a key factor in treatment and prevention of food allergy in children. This paper focuses on factors contributing to the tolerance development, immunological mechanisms of food tolerance development, and possibilities of food allergy prevention. The tactics for complimentary food introduction in children with food allergy are also considered. The mechanism of a preventive effect of partially hydrolyzed milk formulas is analyzed. Based on the literature review, the importance of probiotics and prebiotics in food tolerance development is determined. It is shown that better understanding of underlying mechanisms involved in the development of tolerance to staple food may decrease the time needed to achieve remission of a large variety of food allergy in children and individualize the elimination diet.

The lecture presents current data on the development mechanisms, clinical features, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

This lecture reviews types, causes and key points of pathogenesis of protein, amino acids and nucleic acids metabolism disorders, as well as their clinical implications.

Giardiasis is one of the most common parasitic invasions. Parasitizing the intestine, Giardia disrupt the structure and function of the small intestine, leading to recurrent or persistent clinical manifestations, as a rule, combining pain, dyspeptic and asthenoneurotic symptoms. Signs are similar to those of other variants of the pathology of gastroduodenal zone, intestine, biliary passages that makes clinical diagnosis almost impossible. A rational use of available diagnostic tests, as well as a strict adherence to the approved recommendations for giardiasis treatment in children allows to avoid the disease overdiagnosis and to increase therapy efficiency.

Key words: children, primary school age, dysfunctional family, identity formation.

Objective: To determine the standards of pulsatile arterial pressure (PAP) in healthy children and the possibility to use PAP as an indicator of the condition of vessels in children with increased body mass index (BMI). Methods: The results of non-invasive arteriography in children aged 3–17 years with normal (apparently healthy children, n =291) and increased BMI (n =211) are presented. A group of children with normal BMI was formed by dispensary examinations in schools and kindergartens. Children with increased BMI (secondary nature of overweight and obesity are excluded) were observed as outpatients. The PAP analysis was carried out in regard to age, sex, height, and BMI. The interaction of PAP with other hemodynamics and vascular remodelling indices was investigated. Results: PAP percentile tables in healthy children by age and growth groups are obtained. PAP above the 90th percentile is diagnosed in 7.2% of apparently healthy children, in 7.7% of overweight and in 22.4% of obese children. The dependence of the PAP rate on age, height and BMI is shown. The connection of high PAP in overweight children with signs of the vascular wall remodelling is established. Conclusion: The presented percentile tables of PAP rates in healthy children with normal BMI can be used to detect increased PAP in children at risk of cardiovascular disease developing.

The nutrition of children and adolescents nowadays often consists of the reduced calcium amount, which daily measure in a food intake averages about 500 mg. The calcium intake deficiency is mainly caused by underconsumption of milk and fermented milk products. Children eat 150–250 ml of dairy products per day that is three times less than recommended dose. This situation arises due to changing of children and adolescents’ eating preferences: increased consumption of simple carbohydrates and saturated fat. Dairy product deficiency increases the risk of orthopaedic injuries, osteopenia and osteoporosis development in children and adolescents. Milk and dairy products included in the daily food intake in the amount of 450–500 ml are effective preventive measures against bone tissue development and bone mineralization disorders in children. The said amount assures a daily supply of 1200–1300 mg of calcium. These measures are available to general public, and allow to apply preventive measures to most children and adolescents.

The article describes the main clinical forms and causes of speech delay in children. It presents modern data on the role of neurobiological factors in the speech delay pathogenesis, including early organic damage to the central nervous system due to the pregnancy and childbirth pathology, as well as genetic mechanisms. For early and accurate diagnosis of speech disorders in children, you need to consider normal patterns of speech development. The article presents indicators of pre-speech and speech development in children and describes the screening method for determining the speech delay. The main areas of complex correction are speech therapy, psycho-pedagogical and psychotherapeutic assistance, as well as pharmaceutical treatment. The capabilities of drug therapy for dysphasia (alalia) are shown.

The problem of preventing the distribution of infectious diseases, due to the need to find new, more effective strategies of counteraction to the antivaccine lobby, is considered. The necessity of complex studies on the testing of main hypothetical theses of such strategy is grounded. The main blocks of the corresponding research project are considered. The conclusion about the need to identify interrelations between certain types of biological and social epidemics is drawn, influencing on which, it is possible to achieve impressive results in the effective prevention of these socially dangerous phenomena.

A child should receive the donated breast milk when a mother cannot provide it. The United Association of Perinatal Care resolution underlines that the creation of donated breast milk banks pursuits the national policy for the support and popularization of breast feeding. The article presents the results of survey among mothers, fathers and medical workers regarding necessity and possibility of developing donated breast milk banks in Russia. The respondents showed low awareness of the benefits and safety of the donor breast milk for children with deficiency or lack of the mother's milk. Received data points out the necessity of promotion of donated breast milk banks in order to stimulate breast feeding as well as to raise the awareness of breast feeding necessity.

The article presents the main clinical and diagnostic features of acute rhinosinusitis in children. It describes in detail the age-related development features of the paranasal sinuses. It is suggested that the term "acute rhinosinusitis" should be referred to all upper respiratory tract infections. Based on the results from the analysis of published data, it is shown that the main component of etiotropic treatment of acute rhinosinusitis in children is antibiotic therapy, in most cases - with the use of local antibacterial combination drugs. If systemic antibiotics need to be prescribed, it is advisable to combine them with topical combination drugs.