The article is devoted to the psychiatrists’ activities in overcoming children’s homelessness in the 1920s in Moscow. The social roots of homelessness as a source of juvenile offences in the capital are shown. Anti-children’s homelessness measures implemented by government and health care system are presented. The problem acuteness of mental disorders in homelessness and young offenders was revealed, the importance of their medical and pedagogical correction for further successful socialization was grounded. We have analyzed the actions of Moscow psychiatrists, employees of National Institute of Protection of Children and Adolescents of People’s Commissariat of Public Health named after 10th anniversary of the October Revolution (N.I. Ozeretsky, M.O. Gurevich, E.P. Radin, etc.) on research of causes and correction of mental disorders in homeless children, humanization of correctional facilities for young offenders, and the organization of the Russian psychiatric service for children. The research of these scientists has played crucial role in the development of social pediatrics. The conclusion about the significant contribution of psychiatrists to overcoming children’s homelessness in Moscow was made.

We have studied the state of legal protection of children, adolescents, and families with children in the Russian Federation in case of their medical and social problems. There are some “scissors” between large number of federal warranties in healthcare and child rights field and practical implementation of organizational and methodological support for socio-legal work at outpatient level. The role of social patronage as a method of early identification of families with children who falls on hard times is shown. Guidelines on optimization of socio-legal help for children at the outpatient level are presented.

The literature overview about the issues of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is presented in the article. The emphasis is on the evolution of the diagnosis definitions, incorrect use of the “synonym” term “sudden child death syndrome” in our country. Epidemiological characteristics of SIDS in countries with different levels of per capita income are presented. Modern view on the theories of the syndrome onset is analyzed. Risk factors are analyzed from the position of influence and change, i.e. possible modification to affect the syndrome incident that is crucial for every pediatrician. SIDS protective factors as the basis of primary prevention are discussed. The algorithm for organizing safe sleep space for children to reduce the risks of infant death associated with sleep is presented. This algorithm is proposed to be used in educational programs for pregnant women and parents of infants.

The number of literature reviews is growing every year. One relatively new type of review is the scoping review (ScR). Only a handful of such studies have been produced in Russian academia. It is, therefore, crucial to inform Russian-speaking audiences about the history and evolution of the ScR methodology, the stages and features of such a study, and relevant international guidelines. Relevant data is presented in this narrative review. A PRISMA-ScR checklist has also been translated, taking into account recommendations for the translation of PRISMA documents. ScR published in pediatrics and related fields have also been analyzed and it has been noted that the evaluated authors did not sufficiently follow current guidelines for writing ScR.

Well-recognized tactic for the management of formula-fed children with cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is exclusion of whole cow milk protein and its replacement with extensively hydrolyzed or amino acid formula. One of the most topical issue is the choice of therapeutic formula for a child with CMPA. This article presents information about the clinical manifestations of CMPA and describes the principles of nutrition therapy. All the stages of preparation of adapted therapeutic formula are discussed in detail. It has been shown that the choice of therapeutic formula for a child with CMPA depends on the disease clinical manifestations, their severity, and the presence of comorbid conditions. Current requirements for extensively hydrolyzed formula are reduced to limitations in the size of peptides with immunoreactive properties and indicate the need for evidence of the clinical efficacy of such formula in double-blind placebo-controlled studies.

Background. The association between the vitamin D provision for children and the atopic dermatitis (AD) development and severity is not clearly determined.

Objective. The aim of the study was to compare 25(OH)D serum concentration in children with AD and in healthy peers with association analysis of 25(OH)D with disease severity and allergen sensibilization.

Methods. The study included children aged from 3 to 6 years with AD and their healthy peers. Vitamin D provision was estimated via 25(OH)D serum concentration determined by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Vitamin D deficiency was established at 25(OH)D concentration 20 ng/ml, insufficiency — 21–29 ng/ml. Sensibilization to airborne (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, cat epithelium and dandruff) and food (cow's milk and chicken egg proteins) allergens was determined by IgE concentration revealed via immunofluorescence.

Results. The 25(OH)D serum concentration in children with AD (n = 106) was lower than in their healthy peers (n = 40), median (interquartile range) — 26.5 ng/ml (19.0–35.3) and 32.4 ng/ml (27.9–37.5) respectively (p = 0.012). Meanwhile, vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency according to 25(OH)D concentration was revealed in more than half patients (58%) with AD and in every third child (37%) from control group (OR — 3.5, 95% CI — 1.6–7.5). It was also revealed that 25(OH)D concentration was lower in patients with moderate course of AD (in comparison to mild) as well as in children sensibilized to airborne and/or food allergens.

Conclusion. The vitamin D provision in preschool children is associated with AD, its severity and the presence of sensibilization to airborne and/or food allergens.

The article discusses the issues of steatohepatitis development, diagnosis, and management in children. Steatohepatitis is one of the forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosed in 12–26% of children with obesity. The major pathogenetic factors are the following: oxidative stress, genetic predisposition, microbiota disorders, vitamin D deficiency. The information on the diagnostic algorithm is presented in accordance with the guidelines of the European and North American Societies of Pediatric Gastroenterologists, Hepatologists and Nutritionists. The characteristics of instrumental methods of steatohepatitis diagnostics (biopsy, ultrasound, magnetic resonance and computed tomography, elastography, biochemical tests) are given, as well as indications for their use in children are determined. The data on steatohepatitis management (including diet and physical activity) is presented. The use of hepatoprotective agents (ursodeoxycholic acid, essential phospholipids) and biologically active substances in children is discussed. 

In the era of healthcare digitalization, automation of some medical processes becomes extremely crucial, especially in situations where it is not possible to receive support quickly enough, for example, due to long wait for a specialist (queues) or absence of the needed specialist. This approach will help to use healthcare resources effectively. Automated audiometry is an example of automated diagnostic procedure based on algorithms and technical means for recording acoustic threshold in order to determine the hearing conditions. This review describes the process of automated hearing testing technology development in detail and several other system components (software, equipment, acoustic stimulation sources). The authors describe their own experience of using the automatic audiometry system. The results of comparative study of automated and clinical tests are presented.